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Wayne Shared "Pathology Bliss 6/10/2024" - 46 Picmonics

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Pathology Bliss 6/10/2024

Vertigo
Peripheral vertigo
Vestibular Neuritis
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Meniere's Disease
Central vertigo
Brainstem Or Cerebellum
Vertical Nystagmus
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2 mins
Albinism
Pathophysiology
Normal Melanocyte Number
Decreased or Absent Melanin Production
Decreased or Absent Tyrosinase Activity
Defective Tyrosine Transport
Etiology
Genetic Mutation
Signs and Symptoms
Hypopigmentation
Ocular Disturbances
Sunburn
Treatment
Avoid UV Light
Nitisinone
Consideration
Increased Risk of Skin Cancer
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2 mins
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Defective Lysosomal Trafficking Regulator Gene (LYST)
Defect In Microtubular Function
Decrease In Phagocytosis
Signs And Symptoms
Recurrent Pyogenic Infections
Staph Aureus And Streptococci
Partial Albinism
Peripheral Neuropathy
Pancytopenia
Diagnosis
Giant Granules In Granulocytes And Platelets
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2 mins
Addison's Disease
Mechanism
Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
Atrophy
Destruction
Symptoms
Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
Skin Hyperpigmentation
Increased POMC
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
Addisonian Crisis
Diagnosis
ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
Treatment
Exogenous Cortisol
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2 mins
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Pathophysiology
Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
Autosomal Recessive
Tyrosine Becomes Essential
Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
Symptoms
Musty or Mousy Body Odor
Growth Retardation
Seizures
Intellectual Disability
Hypopigmentation
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2 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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1 min
Melanoma Diagnosis
Signs
ABCDE Mnemonic
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter > 6mm
Evolution over time
Diagnosis
S-100 Tumor Marker
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Screens for Metastasis
Treatment
Wide Local Excision
Adjuvant Therapy
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1 min
Types of Malignant Melanoma
Superficial Spreading
Most Common Cause of Melanoma
Nodular
Aggressive and Rapidly Arising
Acral-Lentiginous
Males
Asians and African Americans
Lentigo Maligna
Geographic Shape
Sun Exposed Areas
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2 mins
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
Mechanism
Associated with Sunlight Exposure
Mutation in B-RAF kinase
Large Number of Moles
Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
Growth Phases
Radial Growth Phase
No Metastasis
Vertical Growth Phase
Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
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1 min
Skin Anatomy
Characteristics
Epidermis
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic Cells
Merkel Cells
Dermis
Sweat Glands
Hair Follicles
Sebaceous Glands
Hypodermis
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3 mins
Melanocytic Nevus
Characteristics
Benign Tumor of Melanocytes
Nested Proliferations at Dermal-Epidermal Junction
Junctional
Intradermal
Risk Factors
Genetics
Childhood Sun Exposure
Considerations
Melanoma
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2 mins
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Pathophysiology
Autoantibodies against desmosomes
Symptoms
Flaccid Bullae on Skin
Oral Mucosa Involvement
Intraepidermal Acantholysis
Fluid Loss
Infection
Nikolsky Positive
Diagnosis
Biopsy showing Autoantibodies
Treatment
IVIG and Plasmapheresis
Oral Steroids
Immunosuppressants
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2 mins
Anti-desmoglein Antibodies
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Flaccid Blisters
Skin and Oral Mucosa
Positive Nikolsky's Sign
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59 secs
Bullous Pemphigoid
Linear Deposits of IgG
Affects Hemidesmosomes
Epidermal Basement Membrane
Tense Blisters on Skin
Nikolsky Negative
Contain Eosinophils
Rarely Affect Oral Mucosa
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2 mins
Celiac Disease Characteristics
Epidemiology
European Descent
HLA-DQ2
HLA-DQ8
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune-mediated Intolerance of Gliadin
Symptoms
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Weight Loss
Failure to Thrive
Decreased Bone Density
Steatorrhea
Anemia
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2 mins
Gardner Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) + Extraintestinal Benign Tumors
Autosomal Dominant
APC Gene Mutation
Clinical Findings
Desmoid Tumors
Nasal Angiofibromas
Osteomas
Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Dental Abnormalities
Cutaneous Lesions
Adrenal Adenomas
Associations
Thyroid Cancer
Duodenal / Periampullary Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Hepatoblastoma
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2 mins
Psoriasis
Presentation
Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
Defined Red Salmon Plaques
Silvery Scales
Extensor Surfaces
Bleeding when Removed
Auspitz Sign
Pruritus
Nail Changes
Histological Finding
Munro Microabscesses
Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
Treatment
Retinoids
Topical Corticosteroids
Tar
Immunosuppressants
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2 mins
Psoriasis Pharmacology
Cyclosporine
Methotrexate
Topical Agents
Antibody Therapy
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Etanercept
Guselkumab
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Ustekinumab
Ixekizumab
Secukinumab
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2 mins
TNF-Alpha Inhibitors Overview
Mechanism
Downregulates Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
Decreased Lymphocyte Activation and Migration
Granuloma Breakdown
Treats
Crohn's Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Psoriasis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
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1 min
Acanthosis Nigricans
Associations
Endocrine Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Malignancy
Presentation
Velvety Plaques
Dark, Thickened Flexural Areas
Diagnosis
Hyperkeratosis with Melanocytes
Treatment
Treat Underlying Disorder
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2 mins

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