Mike Shared "Chap 6 Cardiovascular Agents" - 51 Picmonics
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Chap 6 Cardiovascular Agents
Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP, ERP, and QT interval.
Drugs
Disopyramide
Procainamide
Drug-induced Lupus
Quinidine
Cinchonism
Shared Side Effects
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de Pointes
1 min
Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
After Myocardial Infarction
Mechanism of Action
Affect Ischemic Tissue
Decrease AP duration
Drugs
Mexiletine
GI Upset
Lidocaine
CNS Depression
Tocainide
Phenytoin
Hirsutism
2 mins
Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Used as Last Resort
V-Tach
Mechanism of Action
No Effect on AP Duration
Drugs
Propafenone
Flecainide
Contraindications
Post-Myocardial Infarction
56 secs
Class III Antiarrhythmics (K+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP Duration, ERP, and QT Interval
Drug Names
Amiodarone
Check Function Tests
Dirty Drug
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Beta-Blocker
2 mins
Lidocaine
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Anesthetic
Side Effects
Paresthesias
Seizures
Respiratory Depression
Drowsiness
Consideration
Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
1 min
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Mechanism
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Supraventricular Tachycardia (Paroxysmal)
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Flushing
Dyspnea
Considerations
Rapid IV Push
Caffeine and Theophylline Decrease Effectiveness
Dipyridamole May Intensify Effects
2 mins
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Mechanism of Action
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Essential Hypertension
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Constipation
Peripheral Edema
Gingival Hyperplasia
Nursing Consideration
Medication Education
2 mins
Digoxin Mechanism and Indication
Direct inhibition of Na K ATPase
Indirect inhibition of Na Ca exchanger
Increase Ca in cell
Positive Inotropy
CHF
Stimulates Vagus Nerve
Decreased conduction at AV node
Atrial Fibrillation
1 min
Acute Digoxin Toxicity
Clinical Symptoms
Hyperkalemia
Cholinergic (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)
Blurry Yellow Green Vision with Halo of Light
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
EKG Changes
Prolonged PR interval
Decreased QT
Scooping on EKG
T Wave Inversion
2 mins
Digoxin Toxicity Treatment
Activated Charcoal
Slowly Normalize K+
Digibind (Anti-Digoxin Fab)
Magnesium Sulfate
Lidocaine
Cardiac Pacing
2 mins
Magnesium Sulfate
Mechanism
Muscle Relaxant
Indications
Preterm Labor Contractions
Preeclampsia
Side Effects
Warm Feeling
Hypotension
Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
Decreased Respiratory Rate
Decreased Urine Output
Paralytic Ileus
Antidote
Calcium Gluconate
2 mins
Dobutamine
Mechanism
Beta-1 Agonist
Inotropic
Indications
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
Considerations
Closely Monitor Patients
Other Meds May Increase Potency
1 min
Statins
Rhabdomyolysis
Hepatotoxicity
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Decrease LDL
Decrease Triglycerides
Increase HDL
2 mins
Ezetimibe
Indications
Hyperlipidemia
Mechanism of Action
Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
Decreases LDL
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Increased LFT Values
1 min
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Derived from Tryptophan
Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
Constituent of NAD+
Deficiency Causes
Hartnup Disease
Carcinoid Syndrome
Deficiency Symptoms
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Glossitis
Excess Symptoms
Flushing
2 mins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Characteristics
-statin Suffix
Mechanism
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Indications
High Cholesterol
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Rash
Rhabdomyolysis
Myopathy
Considerations
Monitor Liver Enzymes
Administer at Bedtime
Avoid Grapefruit
2 mins
Alpha 2 Receptor
Characteristics
Gi Subunit
Decrease Sympathetic Outflow
Decrease Insulin Release
Decrease Lipolysis
Increase Platelet Aggregation
Decrease Aqueous Humor Production
2 mins
Alpha-2 Agonists (Sympathoplegics)
Indications
Hypertension
Renal disease
Mechanism of Action
Centrally acting Alpha-2 Agonist
Drugs
Clonidine
Rebound Hypertension
Alpha-Methyldopa
Pregnancy
Coombs (+) Hemolytic Anemia
SLE Like Syndrome
2 mins
Hydralazine
Indications
Reduce Afterload
Severe Hypertension
Safe during Pregnancy
CHF
Mechanism of Action
Increases cGMP
Vasodilates Arterioles
Side Effects
Drug-induced Lupus
Reflex Tachycardia
1 min
Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)
Mechanism
Vasodilates Arterioles
Indications
Severe Hypertension
Baldness
Side Effects
Reflex Tachycardia
Blood Volume Expansion
Hypertrichosis
Pericardial Effusion
Rash
Considerations
Give with Beta Blocker and Diuretic
2 mins
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