Rebecka Shared "safety and infection" - 56 Picmonics
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safety and infection
Standard Precautions
Hand Hygiene
Wash In / Wash Out
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
Hand Washing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gown
Face Mask
Goggles/Face Shield
Gloves
Donning and Removing PPE
Discard Sharps in Puncture-Resistant Container
Cough Etiquette
2 mins
Contact Precautions
Private Room
Wash In / Wash Out
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Gown
Limit Time Patient Leaves Room
Leave Equipment In Room
Special Linen Handling
Same Pathogen, Same Room
History of Contact Isolation
Preventative Education
2 mins
Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Private Room
Droplet
Droplets Larger than 5 Microns
Being Within 3 Feet of Patient
Surgical Mask with Face Shield
Type of Infection or Condition
Airborne
Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
Droplets Smaller than 5 Microns
N95 Respirator
Type of Infection or Condition
2 mins
Aseptic Technique
Invasive Procedures
Skin Integrity Broken
Sterility
Hands Up for Scrubbing
Keep Objects in View
Only Sterile Objects in Field
Only Sterile Touches Sterile
Contamination
Edges of Sterile Field
If Sterility Questioned
If Wet or Prolonged Exposure to Air
Considerations
Never Leave Sterile Area
PPE Order
2 mins
pH - Blood and Urine Lab Value
Blood
7.35 - 7.45
Urine
4.0 - 8.0
1 min
Urine Specific Gravity Lab Value
1.003-1.030
1 min
Pyelogram
Indications
Visualizes Urinary Tract
Diagnose Urinary Disorders
Considerations
Bowel Prep (Enema)
IV Contrast Media
X-Ray (Radiopaque)
Increase Fluid Intake
Contraindications
Iodine Allergy
Decreased Renal Function
2 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
More Common in Elderly
Most Common in Females and Babies
Change in LOC
Dehydration
Fever
Urgency
Urethral Infection
Burning
Smelly Urine
Dark Cloudy Urine
Frequency of Urination
2 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
Prevention
Shower after Sex
Urinate after Sex
Wipe front to Back
Treatments and Considerations
I and Os with Daily Weights
Increase Water Intake
Antibiotics
Avoid Caffeine
Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
Void every 2 - 4 hours
2 mins
Pyelonephritis Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Ascending Urethral Bacteria
Assessment
Dysuria
Fever
Fatigue
Flank Pain
Costovertebral Tenderness
Nausea and Vomiting
1 min
Pyelonephritis Interventions
Urinalysis
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Increase Fluid Intake
Avoid Catheterization
Consideration
Urosepsis
1 min
Case Control Study
Observational
Retrospective
Compares those with disease to those without
(Asks) "What happened?"
Measurement
Odds Ratio
47 secs
Prevention of Falls
Risk Factors
Physical Aging
Polypharmacy
Environmental
Hospital / Facility Prevention
Call Light within Reach
Assistive Devices Available
Bed Alarms
Home Prevention
Improve Lighting
Remove Home Hazards
Priority Nursing Interventions
Promote Exercise
Fall Risk Assessment
2 mins
Disease Prevention Stages
Primordial
Target Social Conditions
Primary
Prevent Disease in Healthy Individuals
Secondary
Screen Healthy-Appearing Individuals
Tertiary
Treatment of Patients with Disease
Quaternary
Prevent Overtreatment
2 mins
Mixing NPH and Regular Insulin for Injection
Verify Order
Roll NPH Insulin
Alcohol to Multiuse Vials
Inject Air into NPH Insulin (Cloudy)
Inject Air into Regular Insulin (Clear)
Withdraw Regular Insulin Units
Withdraw NPH Units
Verify with 2nd Nurse
Discard if Error
3 mins
Infectious Mononucleosis
Mechanism
Herpes-like Viral Infection
Signs and Symptoms
Fatigue
Fever
Sore Throat
Head and Body Aches
Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly
Swollen Lymph Nodes in Neck and Armpits
Rash
Considerations
Suppressed Immune Response
Positive Monospot
2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
Prevent with Antihistamine
Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Penicillin
Mechanism of Action
Weakens Cell Wall
Indications
Gram-Positive Infections
Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Pain at IM Injection Site
Allergic Reaction
Considerations
Skin Tests
Allergy ID
Medication Education
2 mins
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Clotting Factors
Factor Xa
Indications
Clot Formation Prevention
Side Effects
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Bleeding
Considerations
Medication Education
Subcutaneous Injection
2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Insulin
Rapid Acting
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
Short Acting
Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
Intermediate Acting
Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
Long Acting
Detemir (Levemir)
Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
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