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Evander Shared "Pathoma 06 Hematology/Oncology" - 30 Picmonics

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Pathoma 06 Hematology/Oncology

Epstein Barr Virus
Characteristics
Herpesvirus 4
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Enveloped
Signs and Symptoms
Infectious Mononucleosis
Virus Attaches to CD21 in B Cells
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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1 min
Epstein Barr Virus Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis
Fever
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Pharyngitis
Posterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Atypical Lymphocytes
Heterophile Antibodies
Rash Develops if treated with Ampicillin
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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2 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Herpesvirus 5
Diagnosis
Non Heterophile Antibodies
Owl's eye inclusions
Signs and Symptoms
Congenital TORCH infection
Mononucleosis
Pneumonia
AIDS retinitis and esophagitis
Infection in transplant recipients
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2 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Ages < 15
May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
TdT Positive
CALLA Positive
t(12;21) Better Prognosis
Spread to CNS and Testes
Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
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2 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
Median Onset 60 Years
T 15;17 M3 Subtype
Auer Rods
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
M5 Gum Infiltration
Responds to Vitamin A
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3 mins
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Signs and Symptoms
Age > 60 Years
B Cell Neoplasm
Smudge Cells
Often Asymptomatic
Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Richter's Transformation
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3 mins
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Pathophysiology
Mature B Cell Tumor
Signs and Symptoms
Splenomegaly
Diagnosis
Flow Cytometry
Cells Have Filamentous Hair-Like Projections
Stains TRAP Positive
Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
Treatment
Cladribine
Pentostatin
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2 mins
Adult T Cell Lymphoma
Caused by HTLV 1
Japan, West Africa, Caribbean
Present with cutaneous lesions
Aggressive
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1 min
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Pathophysiology
BCR-ABL
9;22 Translocation
Philadelphia Chromosome
Signs & Symptoms
Tyrosine Kinase
Low Alkaline Phosphatase
Splenomegaly
Considerations
Blast Crisis
Age 30 to 90 Years
Responds to Imatinib
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3 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
Pathophysiology
JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
Tyrosine Kinase
Symptoms
Erythromelalgia
Pruritus
Often After Hot Shower
Headache
Treatment
Phlebotomy
Aspirin
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1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
Hypervolemia
Histaminemia
Hyperviscosity
Hyperuricemia
Diagnosis
Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
Positive Jak2 Mutation
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1 min
Follicular Lymphoma
Derives from Germinal Center
Occurs in adults
T14;18
BCL 2 overexpression
BCL 2 inhibits apoptosis
Indolent
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Bone marrow involvement
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2 mins
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Older Males
Activation of Cyclin D Gene
T 11;14
CD5
Poor Prognosis
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55 secs
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Adolescents or young adults
C-myc gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene
T 8;14
Starry sky appearance
Sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages
Jaw lesion in endemic (African) form
Pelvis or abdomen in non endemic form (American form)
Associated with EBV
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2 mins
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Epidemiology
Most Common Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Usually in Older Adults
20% in Children
Features
May be Mature T Cell in Origin
Derives from Germinal Center
GI Tract and Brain
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2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Binucleate
Owl's Eyes Appearance
CD 15 and CD 30
B Cell Origin
Bimodal Age Distribution
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2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Signs & Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Localized Single Group of Lymph Nodes
Contiguous Spread
Constitutional B Symptoms
Low-Grade Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
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2 mins
Multiple Myeloma Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Monoclonal Plasma Cell Cancer
Clock Face Chromatin
Diagnosis
M Spike on Protein Electrophoresis
Increased IgG and IgA
Fried Egg Appearance (BM Biopsy)
Rouleaux Formation
Stacked RBC's
Bence Jones Protein
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2 mins
Multiple Myeloma Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Susceptibility to Infection
Back/Bone Pain
Punched Out Lytic Bone Lesions
Hypercalcemia
Primary Amyloidosis
Renal Insufficiency
Anemia
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2 mins
Methotrexate
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cancer
Medical Abortion
Mechanism
Folic Acid Analog
Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
Macrocytic Anemia
Hepatitis
Teratogenic
Mucositis
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2 mins

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