Wayne Shared "Pharmacology Bliss 6/4/2024" - 85 Picmonics
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Pharmacology Bliss 6/4/2024
SGLT2 Inhibitors
- "-gliflozin" Suffix
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Glucose Reabsorption in Proximal Tubule
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- Side Effects
- Weight Loss
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Hyperkalemia
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
- Considerations
- Contraindicated in Chronic Kidney Disease
1 min
Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza) (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
- -gliptin Suffix
- Mechanisms
- DPP-4 Inhibitor
- Increases Insulin Release
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Pancreatitis
- Upper Respiratory Infection and Inflammation
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Considerations
- Used as Add-on Agents
2 mins
Exenatide (Byetta)
- Mechanism
- Incretin Mimetic
- GLP-1 Synthetic Analog
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Thyroid Cancer
- Pancreatitis
- Renal Failure
- Considerations
- (Give Exenatide) One Hour After Other Medications
- Adjunct Therapy
3 mins
Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)
- -glitazones Suffix
- Mechanism
- Binds PPAR-Gamma
- Decreases Insulin Resistance
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Weight Gain
- Heart Failure
- Myalgia
- Hypoglycemia
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Considerations
- Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer
- Increased Fracture Risk in Women
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
2 mins
Acarbose (Precose) and Miglitol (Glyset) (Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors)
- Mechanisms
- Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
- Delays Absorption of Carbohydrates
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Flatulence
- Diarrhea
- Anemia
- Cramps
- Considerations
- Monitor LFTs
- Oral Glucose for Hypoglycemia
2 mins
Metformin
- Indications
- Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Mechanism of Action
- Decreased Gluconeogenesis
- Increased Insulin Sensitivity
- Side Effects
- Lactic Acidosis
- GI Distress
- Weight Loss
- B12 Deficiency
- Contraindication
- GFR < 30 ml/min
2 mins
Chlorpropamide and Tolbutamide (Orinase) (1st Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 1st Generation Sulfonylureas
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Possible Cardiovascular Toxicity
- Weight Gain
- Considerations
- Exacerbated Hypoglycemia with Beta-blockers
- Avoid During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding
- Avoid Alcohol
2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
- Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- More Potent
- Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
- Avoid Alcohol
- Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Insulin
- Rapid Acting
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
- Short Acting
- Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
- Intermediate Acting
- Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
- Long Acting
- Detemir (Levemir)
- Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
Insulin Function: Receptors
- Receptors
- Tyrosine Kinase Receptor
- Growth Factor
- Stimulates IGF-1
1 min
Insulin Synthesis
- Synthesis
- Preproinsulin
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Proinsulin
- Golgi Body
- Beta Cells Release Insulin
- Beta Cells Release C-peptide
- Clinical Relevance
- Insulinoma
- Sulfonylureas
- Surreptitious Insulin Use
2 mins
Insulin Regulation
- Master Regulator
- Glucose
- Incretins Released with Oral Glucose
- GLP-1
- GIP
- Positive Regulators
- Beta-2 Receptor Stimulation
- M3 Acetylcholine Receptor Stimulation
- Negative Regulators
- Alpha-2 Receptor Stimulation
- Somatostatin
2 mins
Pramlintide (Symlin)
- Mechanism
- Synthetic Amylin Analog
- Indications
- Diabetes Type 1 and 2
- Supplement Mealtime Insulin
- Side Effects
- Nausea
- Skin Reactions at Injection Site
- Considerations
- Hypoglycemia When Combined with Insulin
- Delayed Absorption of Oral Drugs
2 mins
Aromatase Inhibitors
- Indications
- Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
- Systemic Metastases
- Drugs
- Reversible, non-steroid
- Letrozole
- Anastrozole
- Irreversible, steroid
- Exemestane
- Side Effects
- Osteoporosis
- Arthritis
1 min
Fludrocortisone
- Mechanism of Action
- Aldosterone Analog
- Indications
- Addison’s Disease (Primary Adrenal Insufficiency)
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
- Side Effects
- Cushing Syndrome
- Edema
- Congestive Heart Failure Exacerbation
- Hyperpigmentation
2 mins
Dexamethasone
- Decadron
- Corticosteroid
- Inflammation
- Cytokines
- Severe allergies and asthma
- Hypertension
- Cushing syndrome
- Monitor weight, blood pressure, electrolytes
- Glucose levels
- Take with Food
- vision change or loss
2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Mechanisms
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Side Effects
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Consideration
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
2 mins
Mifepristone, Ulipristal (Antiprogestins)
- Mechanism of Action
- Progesterone Receptor Antagonist
- Indications
- Mifepristone
- Pregnancy Termination With Misoprostol
- Ulipristal
- Emergency Contraception
- Side effects
- Abdominal Pain
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- other mechanisms of action
- At High Doses: Cortisol Antagonist
2 mins
Cushing's Drug Treatments
- Aminoglutethemide
- Aminoglutethemide
- Blocks Pregnenolone Production
- Etomidate
- Etomidate
- Inhibits 11 Beta-Hydroxylase
- Metyrapone
- Metyrapone
- Inhibits 11-hydroxylation
- Mifepristone
- Mifepristone
- Steroid Receptor Antagonist
- Decreases Blood Glucose
- Mitotane
- Mitotane
- 1st line for Adrenal Carcinoma
- GI Distress
- Depression and Skin rash
- Pasireotide
- Pasireotide
Azoles (Ketoconazole)
- "-azole" suffix
- Indications
- Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis
- Inhibits P450
- Side Effects
- Liver Dysfunction
- Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis
1 min
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