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BLHD Week 5 - HIV (mostly)
HIV Prophylaxis Medications
CD4+ < 200
TMP-SMX
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
CD4+ < 100 Susceptible to Toxoplasma Gondii
CD4+ < 50
Mycobacterium Avium and Intracellulare
Azithromycin If Delayed Therapy
2 mins
Protease Inhibitors
End in "-navir"
Indications
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis C
Mechanism
Inhibit Protease
Unable to Cleave Proteins
Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nephropathy
Lipodystrophy
Hyperglycemia
3 mins
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungi
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Fever
Hypoxemia
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Biopsy
Methenamine Silver Stain
Saucer/cup shaped yeast forms
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia CXR
TMP-SMX
Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops under 200
1 min
Toxoplasma gondii
Characteristics
Protozoa
Cysts in Meat or Cat Feces
Signs and Symptoms
Brain Abscess in HIV Patients
Ring-enhancing Brain Lesions
Crosses Placenta in Pregnant Women
Congenital TORCH Infection
Treatment
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadiazine
2 mins
Cryptosporidium
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Oocysts in Food or Water
Acid Fast Cysts
Signs and Symptoms
Outbreaks of Diarrhea from Contaminated Water Supply
Mild Disease in Non-immunocompromised
Severe Diarrhea in AIDS
Treatment
Nitazoxanide for Immunocompetent
2 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
Signs and Symptoms
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium
Bartonella henselae
5 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
Signs and Symptoms
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
JC Virus
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
(HIV) Dementia
Histoplasmosis
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 500
Signs and Symptoms
Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
3 mins
Candida Albicans
Fungi
Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
Pruritic Vaginitis
White Cottage Cheese Discharge
Fiery Red Mucosa
Diabetics
Antibiotic Use
Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
Diaper Rash
Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Cryptococcus neoformans
Characteristics
Monomorphic
Encapsulated
Polysaccharide Capsule
Narrow-Based Buds
Latex Agglutination
Pigeons
India Ink
Mucicarmine stain
Signs and Symptoms
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Meningitis
Soap Bubble Lesions in Brain
Pneumonia
Treatment
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Amphotericin
3 mins
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