Mousa Shared "pathology M1" - 39 Picmonics
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pathology M1
Arteriolosclerosis
- Characteristics
- Small Arteries and Arterioles
- Thickening of Arteriole Wall
- Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
- Hyperplastic
- Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperplasia
- "Onion Skin" Appearance
- Malignant Hypertension
- Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
- Hyaline
- Subendothelial Protein Deposits
- Chronic Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Aging
2 mins
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
- Characteristics
- Elderly Men
- Above the Diaphragm
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Risk Factors
- Hypertension
- Smoking
- Connective Tissue Disorders
- Vasculitis
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-Ray
- Chest CT Angiography
- Management
- Manage Risk Factors
- Surgery if Rupture or Dissection
- Observation if Asymptomatic
4 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- Screening
- Screen Males 65-75 Who've Ever Smoked
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Observation
- Asymptomatic and < 5 cm in Size
- Surgical Repair
- > 5.5 cm in Abdomen
- Emergent Surgery
- Ruptured or Symptomatic
2 mins
Dissociation
- Clinical Manifestations
- Memory Loss
- Changes In Personality
- Mechanism
- Unconscious
- Physical or Sexual Abuse
- Immature Ego Defense
1 min
Hypertension Assessment
- Mechanism
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Assessment
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Diagnosis
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Nursing Considerations
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
2 mins
Hypertension Intervention
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
1 min
Varicose Veins Interventions
- Laser Therapy
- Sclerotherapy
- Removal of Saphenous Vein
- Considerations
- Avoid Prolonged Standing
- Elastic Compression Stockings
2 mins
Kaposi Sarcoma
- Characteristics
- Malignant Vascular Tumor
- Human Herpesvirus Type 8 (HHV-8)
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- CD4+ < 500
- Presentation
- Multifocal Purple Lesions
- Skin
- Mucous Membranes
- Visceral Organs
- Diagnosis
- Spindle-shaped Cells
- Management
- Observation
- Chemotherapy
- Treat Underlying Disorder
3 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Symptoms
- Upper Respiratory Tract
- Saddle Nose
- Perforation of Nasal Septum
- Chronic Sinusitis
- Otitis Media
- Mastoiditis
- Lower Respiratory Tract
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- Kidney
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Hematuria
- RBC Casts
2 mins
Buerger's Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Thromboangiitis Obliterans
- Segmental Inflammation
- Strong Association with Smoking
- Signs and Symptoms
- Superficial Nodular Phlebitis
- Raynaud's Phenomenon
- Autoamputation
- Treatment
- Smoking Cessation
2 mins
Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Pathophysiology
- Immune Complex-Mediated Transmural Vasculitis
- Hepatitis B Association
- Fibrinoid Necrosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Black Stool (Melena)
- Neurologic Dysfunction
- Myalgia
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Diagnosis
- Vessels / Lesions in Different Stages
- Renal Microaneurysms (On Arteriogram)
- Spares Pulmonary Arteries (No Pulmonary Involvement)
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclophosphamide
2 mins
Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Pathophysiology
- Necrotizing Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Lungs, Kidneys, and Skin Commonly Affected
- Palpable Purpura
- Rapidly Progressive Cresentic Glomerulonephritis
- Diagnosis
- Lesions are Same Age
- Non-granulomatous
- Minimal Nasopharyngeal Involvement
- P-ANCA
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclophosphamide
2 mins
Temporal Arteritis
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- Granulomatous
- Old Females
- Clinical Features
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Unilateral Headache
- Jaw Claudication
- Blindness
- Lab Findings
- Increased ESR
- Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
- Treatment
- Steroids
2 mins
Right to Left Heart Shunts
- The 5 Ts
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Transposition of the Great Vessels
- Tricuspid Atresia
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
- Associations
- Cyanosis at Birth
- May Require PDA
1 min
Left-to-Right Heart Shunts
- The 3 Ds
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- PDA
- Associations
- Later Cyanosis
- Clubbing
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
2 mins
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Pathophysiology
- Hole in Septum between the Atria
- Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Wide and Fixed Split S2
- Cyanosis and Dyspnea
- Easily Fatigued
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Surgery if CHF as Child
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Most Close Spontaneously
2 mins
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Pathophysiology
- Opening at Intraventricular Septum
- Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
- Symptoms
- High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
- Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
- Loud Pulmonic S2
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
- Large VSDs Require Surgery
- Complications
- Endocarditis
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
- CHF
2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Features
- Blue Baby Syndrome
- Mechanism
- PROVe Acronym
- Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Transposition of Great Vessels
- Pathophysiology
- Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation are in Parallel
- Incompatible with Life Without a Shunt
- Symptoms
- Severe Cyanosis at Birth
- Single S2 sound
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Chest X-ray shows "Egg-shaped Silhouette"
- Treatment
- Prostaglandin
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Surgical Correction
- Balloon Atrial Septostomy
2 mins
Coarctation of The Aorta
- Pathophysiology
- Constriction of a Portion of Aorta
- Turner Syndrome
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Hypertension
- BP Higher in Upper Extremities, Right Arm
- CHF
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac Catheterization
- 3 Sign on Chest X-Ray
- Rib Notching
- Treatment
- Surgical Correction
2 mins
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