Wayne Shared "Pathology Bliss 6/14/2024" - 33 Picmonics
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Pathology Bliss 6/14/2024
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Causes
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Assessment
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Considerations
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
2 mins
Emphysema
- Clinical Features
- Pink Puffer
- Exhale through Pursed Lips
- Barrel Chest
- Pathophysiology
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Compliance
- Types
- Centriacinar
- Panacinar
2 mins
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
- Characteristics
- Decreased Alpha Anti Trypsin
- Increased Elastase Activity
- Decreased Elastic Tissue
- Misfolded Protein Aggregates
- PAS+ Globules
- Clinical Features
- Panacinar Emphysema
- Dyspnea
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
2 mins
Asthma
- Obstructive lung disease
- Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
- History of Atopic Disease
- Beta2 agonists
- Corticosteroids
- Curschmann's spirals
- Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
- Reversible
- Charcot Leyden crystals
- Methacholine challenge
- Wheezing
- Cough
- Initially decreased PaCO2
- Pulsus paradoxus
2 mins
Bronchiectasis
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Chronic Necrotizing Infection
- Permanent Airway Dilation
- Poor Ciliary Motility
- Kartagener's Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Hemoptysis
- Increased Sputum
2 mins
Obstructive Lung Disease
- Blocked Airflow
- Increased residual volume
- V/Q Mismatch
- Decreased forced vital capacity (FVC)
- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
51 secs
Kartagener Syndrome (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia)
- inheritance pattern
- Autosomal Recessive
- pathogenesis
- Immotile Cilia Due to a Dynein Arm Defect
- Symptoms
- Decreased Male and Female Fertility
- Immotile Sperm
- Dysfunctional Fallopian Tube Cilia
- Increased Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
- Bronchiectasis
- Recurrent Sinusitis
- Chronic Ear Infections
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Situs Inversus (Dextrocardia on Chest X-Ray)
- SCreening
- Decreased Nasal Nitric Oxide Used as Screening Test
5 mins
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Interstitial Restrictive Lung Disease
- Age over 50 years, Males, Tobacco
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- Dyspnea and Cough
- Fatigue
- Crackles
- Digital Clubbing
- DIAGNOSIS
- Bronchiectasis
- Honeycomb Pattern
- Restrictive Pattern
- COMPLICATIONS
- Respiratory Failure
- Right Heart Failure
- TREATMENT
- Oxygen
- Antifibrotic Medications
- Lung Transplant
5 mins
Pneumoconioses
- Apex of Lung
- Coal
- Caplan Disease
- Macrophages --> Antracosis
- Silica (Sand)
- Impairs Phagolysosome Function
- Increased risk of Tuberculosis
- Eggshell Calcification on Hilar Lymph Nodes
- Berryliosis
- Aerospace Workers
- Non-Caseating Granulomas
- Resembles Sarcoidosis
- Base of Lung
- Asbestos
- Asbestos Bodies
- Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis
- Risk Factor
- Prolonged Coal Exposure
- Characteristics
- Black Lung Disease
- Upper Lobes
- Pathophysiology
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Dust-Laden Macrophages
- Inflammation and Fibrosis
- Imaging
- Small, Rounded Nodular Opacities
- Consideration
- Caplan Syndrome
- Anthracosis
2 mins
Asbestosis Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Pneumoconiosis
- Restrictive Lung Disease
- Lower Lobes
- Risk Factors
- Shipbuilding
- Roofing
- Smoking
- Plumbing
- Clinical Features
- Dyspnea with Exertion
- Cough
- Digital Clubbing
3 mins
Pulmonary Hypertension Classification (WHO)
- Group 1
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Idiopathic
- Hereditary
- BMPR2 Mutation
- Group 2
- Left Heart Disease
- Group 3
- Lung Diseases or Hypoxia
- COPD
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Group 4
- Chronic Pulmonary Emboli
- Group 5
- Multifactorial
2 mins
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Most Common Lung Cancer
- Most Common in Nonsmokers
- Peripheral Location
- KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
- Diagnosis
- Glandular Pattern
- Often Stains with Mucin
- Clinical Features
- Presents with Hemoptysis
- Clubbing
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Pancoast Tumor
- Characteristics
- Apical Lung Tumor
- Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
- Clinical Features
- Axillary or Shoulder Pain
- Hoarseness
- Horner Syndrome
- Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
- Sensorimotor Deficits
- Hemidiaphragm Paralysis
1 min
Bronchial Carcinoid Tumor
- Characteristics
- Excellent Prognosis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms of Bronchial Obstruction
- Often Asymptomatic
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Diarrhea
- Wheezing
- Flushing
- Diagnosis
- 5-HIAA in Urine
- Nests of Neuroendocrine Cells
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Octreotide for Symptomatic Relief
2 mins
Tension Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space, but Can't Exit
- Trauma or Infection
- Signs and Symptoms
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Trachea Deviates Away from Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Hypotension
- Hypoxemia
- Hyperresonance
- Emergency
2 mins
Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space
- Assessment
- Sudden Dyspnea
- Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side
- Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds on Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tracheal Deviation
- Vital Sign Changes
- Crepitus
- Considerations
- High Fowler's Position With Oxygen
- Prepare For Chest Tube Placement
- Educate High Risk Patients
2 mins
Potter Sequence
- PATHOGENESIS
- Oligohydramnios
- clinical findings
- Limb Deformities
- Facial Anomalies
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia (Most Common Cause of Death)
- Etiologies
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)
- Posterior Urethral Valves
- Chronic Placental Insufficiency
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis
3 mins
Oligohydramnios
- Decreased Amniotic Fluid
- Etiologies
- Renal Agenesis (Fetal Urinary Tract Abnormalities)
- Uteroplacental Insufficiency
- Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) < 5 cm
- Complications
- Spontaneous Abortion
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia
- Musculoskeletal Abnormalities
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Delivery (When Viable)
2 mins
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Characteristics
- Autosomal Dominant
- Mutations in PKD1/2
- Cystic Enlargement of Renal Tubules
- Clinical Features
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hypertension
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Hepatic Cysts
- Berry (Saccular) Aneurysms
3 mins
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