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Molly Shared "Pharm- Exam 6" - 28 Picmonics

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Pharm- Exam 6

Lidocaine
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Anesthetic
Side Effects
Paresthesias
Seizures
Respiratory Depression
Drowsiness
Consideration
Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
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1 min
Local Anesthetic Overview
Indications
Minor Procedures
Epidurals
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channels
State Dependent
Combined with Vasoconstrictors
Infected Tissue Requires Higher Dose
Drugs
Esters
Amides
Side Effects
Arrhythmias
Cardiotoxicity
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1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
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40 secs
Inhaled Anesthetics
Mechanism of Action
Unknown Mechanism
Inhaled Anesthetic Drugs
HEISMN Drug Name Acronym
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Myocardial Depression
Lower Metabolic Demand, Increased Cerebral Blood Flow
Hepatotoxicity (Halothane)
Nephrotoxicity (Methoxyflurane)
Seizure (Enflurane)
Malignant Hyperthermia
Expansion of Trapped Gas
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2 mins
IV Anesthetics
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Ketamine
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Hallucinations
Opioids
Propofol
Potentiates GABA-A
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2 mins
Acetazolamide
Indications
Glaucoma
Altitude Sickness
Pseudotumor Cerebri
CHF
Metabolic Alkalosis
Mechanism of Action
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Diuresis
Side Effects
Metabolic Acidosis
Paresthesias
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1 min
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Gout
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
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4 mins
Thiazide Diuretics
Early Distal Tubule
Inhibits Na/Cl Reabsorption
Sulfa Drug
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
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2 mins
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
Indications
Edema
Mild to Moderate Hypertension
Side Effects
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Dehydration
Hyperglycemia
Gout
Contraindications
Sulfa Allergy
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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1 min
K+ Sparing Diuretics
Indications
CHF and Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism
Mechanism of Action
Collecting Tubule
Spironolactone
Competitive Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
Amiloride and Triamterene
Block Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
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2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanisms
Inhibition of Aldosterone
Potassium Retention
Indications
Hypertension
Edema
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects
Consideration
Avoid Potassium Supplements
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2 mins
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Indications
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Glaucoma
Drug Overdose
Mechanism of Action
Osmotic diuretic
Increased Urine Flow
Side Effects
Dehydration
Contraindications
Anuria
CHF
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2 mins
Epinephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha Agonist
Beta Agonist
Indications
Hypotension
Anaphylaxis
Allergy
Glaucoma
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45 secs
Cromolyn (Mast Cell Stabilizers)
Mechanism
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Indications
Asthma Prophylaxis
Bronchial Inflammation
Allergic Rhinitis
Side Effects
Cough
Bronchospasm
Consideration
Fixed Schedule Administration
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2 mins
Promethazine (Phenergan)
Mechanism
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist
Weak Dopamine Antagonist
Indications
Nausea and Vomiting
Motion Sickness
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Sedation
Anticholinergic Effects
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Considerations
Use Large Bore IV
Monitor for Tissue Necrosis
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2 mins
Phenylephrine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha-1 Agonist
Indications
Mydriatic
Rhinitis
Hypotension
Decreased Chronotropy and Inotropy
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2 mins
Albuterol (Proventil)
Mechanism
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist
Indications
Bronchospasm
Asthma
Side Effects
Angina
Tachycardia
Tremor
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1 min
Beta-2 Agonists
Short-term Treatment
Terbutaline
Asthma
Tocolysis
Albuterol
Asthma
Long-term Treatment
Salmeterol
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
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3 mins
Theophylline
Indications
Asthma
Mechanism
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase
Increases cAMP
Side Effects
Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Blocks Adenosine Action
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53 secs

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