Sarah Shared "Pharmacology Exam 1" - 27 Picmonics
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Pharmacology Exam 1
Penicillin
- Mechanism of Action
- Weakens Cell Wall
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Infections
- Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Pain at IM Injection Site
- Allergic Reaction
- Considerations
- Skin Tests
- Allergy ID
- Medication Education
2 mins
Cephalosporins
- Starts with "Cef-"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- Allergic Reactions
- Thrombophlebitis
- Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Renal Impairment
- Considerations
- Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone
- No Alcohol
2 mins
Vancomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
- Indications
- Serious Gram-Positive Infections
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Red Man Syndrome
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nursing Considerations
- Culture Samples First
- Infuse IV Over 60 Minutes
- Take Around the Clock
2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
- Side Effects
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
- Prevent with Antihistamine
- Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Macrolides
- End in "-thromycin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Alternative for Penicillin Allergy
- Respiratory Infections
- Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- QT Prolongation and Sudden Death
- C.Diff Overgrowth
- GI Distress
- Considerations
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged QT Interval
- P450 Inhibitor
- Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Skin Rash
- Eosinophilia
3 mins
Tetracyclines Overview
- End in "-cycline"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Infectious Diseases
- Acne
- Periodontal Disease
- Nursing Considerations
- Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron
- Sunlight Protection
1 min
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
2 mins
Tetracyclines Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Superinfection
- Clostridioides difficile
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Bone Deformities
- Photosensitivity
- Contraindications
- Children Under 8
- Pregnancy
1 min
Aminoglycoside Overview
- End in "-mycin"
- GNATS
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Severe Gram Negative Infections
- Bowel Surgery Prep
1 min
Aminoglycoside Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Respiratory Paralysis
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Considerations
- Peak and Trough
- Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV
2 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Fluoroquinolones
- End in "-floxacin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Variety of Infections
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Photosensitivity
- Achilles Tendon Rupture
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Children
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Considerations
- Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Sulfonamides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Kernicterus in Infants
- Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
- Considerations
- Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
3 mins
Sulfonamides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Side Effects
- Crystalluria
- Photosensitivity
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Kernicterus
- Rash
- Considerations
- Sulfa Allergy
- Encourage Fluids
2 mins
Insulin
- Rapid Acting
- Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
- Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
- Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
- Short Acting
- Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
- Intermediate Acting
- Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
- Long Acting
- Detemir (Levemir)
- Glargine (Lantus)
2 mins
Metformin (Glucophage)
- Mechanism
- Decrease Glucose Production
- Increase Insulin Sensitivity
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Decreased Appetite
- Lactic Acidosis
- Considerations
- IV Contrast
- Limit Alcohol Consumption
2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
- Mechanisms
- 2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
- Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
- Stimulate Release of Insulin
- Indications
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- More Potent
- Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
- Avoid Alcohol
- Avoid Breastfeeding
2 mins
Pramlintide (Symlin)
- Mechanism
- Synthetic Amylin Analog
- Indications
- Diabetes Type 1 and 2
- Supplement Mealtime Insulin
- Side Effects
- Nausea
- Skin Reactions at Injection Site
- Considerations
- Hypoglycemia When Combined with Insulin
- Delayed Absorption of Oral Drugs
2 mins
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
- Mechanism
- Increases Glucose
- Indications
- Hypoglycemic Emergency
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Reconstitute Powder
- Consume Oral Carbohydrates
- 50% Dextrose IV (If No Effect)
2 mins
