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Micro VI
Gardnerella vaginalis
Signs and Symptoms
Bacterial Vaginosis
Not an STD
Fishy Smell
Whiff Test
Grey Vaginal Discharge
Increase pH
Clue Cells
Squamous Epithelial Cells Covered with Bacteria
Mobiluncus Coinfection
Treatment
Metronidazole
2 mins
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
2 mins
Candida Albicans
Fungi
Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
Pruritic Vaginitis
White Cottage Cheese Discharge
Fiery Red Mucosa
Diabetics
Antibiotic Use
Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
Diaper Rash
Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Trichomonas vaginalis
Characteristics
Protozoa
Signs and Symptoms
Vaginitis
Pruritus
Foul-smelling Greenish Frothy Discharge
Strawberry Cervix
Diagnosis
Corkscrew Motility on Wet Prep
Treatment
Metronidazole
2 mins
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Characteristics
Non-enveloped
Circular
Double Stranded DNA
Disease
Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
Condyloma acuminata
Type 16, 18
Cervical Carcinoma
Penile Carcinoma
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Worsened by Smoking
Diagnosis
Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
Treatment
Vaccine Available
4 mins
Genital Warts - Condylomata Acuminata
Mechanism
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Assessment
Papillary Cauliflower Like Growths
Bleeding
Vaginal Discharge
Interventions
Wart Removal
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
Podophyllin resin
Cryotherapy
Considerations
HPV Vaccine
Cervical Cancer
2 mins
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
Type 1 HSV
Gingivostomatitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
Type 2 HSV
Genital Vesicles
Neonatal Herpes
TORCHES
Latent in Sacral Ganglia
Diagnosis
Tzanck Test
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Cowdry A Inclusions
Treatment
Acyclovir
2 mins
Genital Herpes
Mechanism
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV)
Assessment
May Be Asymptomatic
Oral or Genital Lesions
Vesicles in Clusters
Pain
Flu-like Symptoms
Antiviral Medications
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Famciclovir
Considerations
Infectious During Recurrences
2 mins
Syphilis
Characteristics
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete with characteristic motility
Signs and Symptoms
Painless chancre
Condylomata lata
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles
Aortitis
Gummas
Neurosyphilis
Argyll Robertson pupils
Vasa vasorum
Tabes dorsalis
Treatment
Penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
2 mins
Syphilis
Mechanism
Treponema pallidum
Assessment
Primary Stage
Painless Chancre
Secondary Stage
Rash on Palms and Soles
(Generalized) Lymphadenopathy
Condylomata Lata
Latent Stage
Asymptomatic
Tertiary (Late) Stage
Aortitis
Neurosyphilis
Gummas
Interventions
Penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer Rash
3 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase Positive
Glucose Fermenting
Pilus
Opa Surface Protein
Rapid Antigenic Variation
IgA Protease
2 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Disease
Signs & Symptoms
Dysuria
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Pharyngitis
Septic Arthritis
Tenosynovitis
Pustules On Hands And Feet
Treatment
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Considerations
C5-9 Complement Deficiency (Recurrent Infections)
2 mins
Haemophilus ducreyi
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Pleomorphic
Parallel Short Chains
School of Fish Appearance on Gram Stain
Signs and Symptoms
Chancroid
Painful Genital Ulcer
Buboes
Treatment
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
2 mins
Chlamydia
Mechanism
Chlamydia trachomatis
Assessment
May Be Asymptomatic
Dysuria
Epididymitis
Discharge
Dyspareunia
Interventions
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
No Intercourse for 1 Week
Treat Partners
2 mins
Chlamydia Characteristics
Characteristics
Cannot Make ATP
Elementary Body Infects
Intraepithelial
Reticulate Body Replicates
Diagnosis
Cell Wall Lacks Muramic Acid
Giemsa Stain
Inclusion Bodies
Treatment
Doxycycline (Preferred)
Azithromycin
2 mins
Chlamydia trachomatis
Characteristics
A to C
Trachoma
Follicular Conjunctivitis
Blindness
Africa
L1 to 3
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Buboes
Genital Ulcer
D to K
Urethritis and PID
Neonatal Pneumonia
Staccato Cough
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
2 mins
Fusion Inhibitors
Indications
HIV
Drugs
Maraviroc
Binds CCR-5 on T Cells
Blocks Interaction with gp120
Enfuvirtide
Binds gp41
Inhibits Viral Entry
Side Effects
Skin Reactions at Injection Sites (Enfuvirtide)
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
Assessment
RNA Retrovirus
CD4+ Helper T Cells
Primary Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic Stage
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Unexplained Weight Loss
White Spots on Tongue
Persistent Fever
Night Sweats
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
Primary Infection
Within 3 Weeks
Flu-like Symptoms
Asymptomatic Stage
Years
Symptomatic Stage
CD4+ < 500
AIDS
Opportunistic Infections
CD4+ < 200
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
Viral Load
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
3 mins
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