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Josh Shared "STEP Pharm 9D Neuro and Psych" - 35 Picmonics

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STEP Pharm 9D Neuro and Psych

Opioids Overview
Indications
Pain
Weaning
Cough
Diarrhea
Mechanism of Action
Agonists at Mu (μ), Kappa (Κ), and Delta (δ) Receptors
Decrease Synaptic Transmission
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Addiction
Miosis
Constipation
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2 mins
Butorphanol
Indications
Migraine
Severe Pain
Labor
Mechanism of Action
Partial Agonist at Mu and Full Agonist at Kappa Receptors
Less Respiratory Depression
Side Effects
Withdrawal Symptoms
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1 min
Tramadol
Indications
Chronic Pain
Mechanism of Action
Weak Opioid
Inhibit Serotonin and NE reuptake
Side Effect
Increased Risk of Seizure
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48 secs
Ethosuximide
Indications
First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
Side Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Fatigue
Diarrhea
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32 secs
Phenytoin
Indications
Status Epilepticus
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
Inhibition of Glutamate Release
Class IB Antiarrhythmic
Side Effects
Teratogenic
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Induce Cytochrome P450
Drug-induced Lupus
Neuropathy
Hirsutism
Gingival Hyperplasia
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1 min
Carbamazepine
Indications
First-line Seizure Medication
First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Mechanism of Action
Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Induce Cytochrome P450
Teratogen
Hepatotoxicity
Blood Dyscrasias
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2 mins
Valproic Acid
Indications
First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increases GABA Concentration
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
GI Distress
Contraindication
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
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1 min
Gabapentin
Primary Indication
Seizure Treatment
Secondary Indications
Peripheral Neuropathy
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Characteristics
Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ channels
Designed as a GABA Analog
Side Effects
Ataxia
Sedation
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2 mins
Topiramate
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increase GABA Action
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Kidney Stones
Weight Loss
Sedation
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1 min
Lamotrigine
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
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1 min
Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Anesthesia Induction
Mechanism of Action
Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
Decrease Neuron Firing
Side Effects
Sedation
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
CNS Depression
P450 inducer
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2 mins
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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2 mins
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
Indications
Insomnia
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
Acts on BZ1 GABA receptor
Less dependence
Drugs
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Side Effects
Ataxia, confusion
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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1 min
Inhaled Anesthetics
Mechanism of Action
Unknown Mechanism
Inhaled Anesthetic Drugs
HEISMN Drug Name Acronym
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Myocardial Depression
Lower Metabolic Demand, Increased Cerebral Blood Flow
Hepatotoxicity (Halothane)
Nephrotoxicity (Methoxyflurane)
Seizure (Enflurane)
Malignant Hyperthermia
Expansion of Trapped Gas
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2 mins
IV Anesthetics
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Ketamine
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Hallucinations
Opioids
Propofol
Potentiates GABA-A
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2 mins
Succinylcholine
Indications
Inducing Paralysis
Mechanism of Action
Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Motor Nicotinic Receptor
ACh Receptor Agonist
Depolarization
Phases of Action
Phase I (Paralysis Non-reversible)
Phase II (Paralysis Reversible)
Neostigmine (Reversal Agent)
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2 mins
Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs
Names Include "Cur"
Competitive Antagonists
Acetylcholine Competition
Reversal of Blockade
Neostigmine, Edrophonium
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1 min
Parkinson's Drugs
Parkinsons Characteristics
Decreased Dopamine
Increased Acetylcholine
Drug Names
BALSA Acronym
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
Levodopa
Selegiline
Antimuscarinics
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2 mins
Memantine
Indications
Alzheimer's Disease
Mechanism of Action
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Prevents Excitotoxicity
Side Effects
Confusion
Hallucinations
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1 min
Sumatriptan
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
5-HT Agonist
Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
Induces Vasoconstriction
Indications
Migraine
Cluster Headache
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
Paresthesias
Coronary Vasospasm
Contraindication
Prinzmetal's Angina
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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3 mins

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