Lori Shared "Endocrine system" - 57 Picmonics
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Endocrine system
Addison's Disease
- Mechanism
- Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
- Atrophy
- Destruction
- Symptoms
- Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Increased POMC
- Hypotension
- Hyperkalemia
- Acidosis
- Addisonian Crisis
- Diagnosis
- ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
- Treatment
- Exogenous Cortisol
2 mins
Addison's Disease Intervention
- Drug Therapy
- Hydrocortisone
- 2/3 Dose in Morning
- 1/3 Dose in Late Afternoon
- Fludrocortisone
- Androgen Replacement Therapy
- Considerations
- Salt Additives
- Increase Dosage During Stress and Infection
- Medic Alert Bracelet
- Lifelong Hormone Therapy
2 mins
Cushing's Syndrome Assessment
- Assessment
- Increased Cortisol Levels
- Truncal Obesity
- Purple Abdominal Striae
- Buffalo Hump
- Decreased Bone Density
- Moon Face
- Thinning Skin
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertension
- Considerations
- Long Term Glucocorticoid Use
- Immunosuppression
2 mins
Anterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Hypothalamic Control
- FLAT PeG Mnemonic
- Tropic Hormones
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Direct Hormones
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
How to Interpret Acid Base Disorders
- pH, pCO₂, HCO₃ (Bicarbonate)
- Step 1
- pH
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
- Step 2
- pCO₂
- Opposite Direction as pH
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Step 3
- HCO₃ (Bicarbonate)
- Same Direction as pH
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
3 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Reduced Respirations
- Anxiety
- Change in LOC
- Tachycardia
- Cyanosis
- Increased Electrolytes
- ECG Changes
- Muscle Weakness
- Hyporeflexia
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Decreased PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Hyperventilation
- Brainstem Stimulation
- Head Injury
- Shock
- Lightheadedness
- Tingling Lips or Fingers
- Trousseau's
- Chvostek's Sign
- Anxiety
2 mins
Metabolic Alkalosis Assessment
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Increased HCO3 > 26
- Excitable State
- Arrhythmias
- Paresthesias
- Muscle Cramps
- Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Respiratory Effort
1 min
Metabolic Acidosis Assessment
- Characteristics
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Decreased HCO3 < 22
- Signs & Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- CNS Depression
- Coma
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
- Increased Respirations
- Kussmaul Respirations
- Flushed, Warm, Dry Skin
- Muscle Weakness
2 mins
Addisonian Crisis
- Assessment
- Severe Symptoms
- Shock
- Interventions
- High-Dose Hydrocortisone
- Large Volumes of IV Fluid
- Insulin with Dextrose
- Kayexalate
- Loop or Thiazide Diuretics
2 mins
Addison's Disease Assessment
- Assessment
- Deficiency of Cortisol and Aldosterone
- Irritability
- Hyperkalemia
- Muscle Weakness
- Skin Hyperpigmentation
- Hyponatremia
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycemia
- Considerations
- Addisonian Crisis
2 mins
Pheochromocytoma
- Cause/Mechanism
- Adrenal Medulla Tumor
- Increased Catecholamines
- Assessment
- Episodic Hypertension
- Diaphoresis
- Abdominal or Chest Pain
- Interventions
- Surgery
- Antihypertensives
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Metyrosine (Demser)
- Considerations
- Do Not Palpate Abdomen
3 mins
Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis
- Lipid Metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA
- Biotin Cofactor
- Malonyl-CoA
- Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides
- Glycerol
- DHAP
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- HMG-CoA
- HMG-CoA Reductase
- Mevalonate
- Cholesterol
- Ketogenesis
- Acetoacetate
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
4 mins
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
- Electron Transport Chain
- Oxygen is Final Electron Acceptor
- Proton Pump
- Proton Motive Force
- ATP Synthase
- 1 NADH 2.5 ATP
- 1 FADH2 1.5 ATP
3 mins
Energy Releasing Pathways: Accounting
- Characteristics
- Anaerobic Respiration
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- Aerobic Respiration
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 34 ATP
- 2 ATP Lost
- 36 Net Total ATP
2 mins
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Signs and Symptoms
- Kussmaul respirations
- Dehydration
- Abdominal Pain
- Nausea/vomiting
- Psychosis
- Fruity breath Odor
1 min
Diabetes Assessment
- Assessment Type 1
- Juvenile Onset
- Absent Insulin Production
- Ketosis Prone
- Assessment Type 2
- Adult Onset
- Insulin Resistance
- Obesity
- Gestational Diabetes
- Onset During Pregnancy
- Glucose Intolerance
- Complications
- Retinopathy
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Nephropathy
- Neuropathy
2 mins
Diabetes Insipidus Assessment
- Polyuria
- Nocturia
- Low Specific Gravity (USG)
- Polydipsia
- Dehydration
- Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Confusion
2 mins
Metabolic Syndrome
- Assessment
- Dyslipidemia
- Central Obesity
- Insulin Resistance
- Hypertension
- Increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
- Increased Fibrinogen
- Considerations
- Increased Risk Cardiovascular Disease
1 min
Dawn Phenomenon
- Cause/Mechanism
- Increased Hormone Production
- Assessment
- Hyperglycemia Upon Awakening
- Interventions
- Long-Acting Evening Insulin
- Change Administration Times
- Insulin Pump
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor Glucose Levels
- Between 2-6AM
- Limit Carbohydrates Before Bedtime
2 mins
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