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Eduarda Shared "Gastrointestinal" - 13 Picmonics

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Gastrointestinal

Hepatic Encephalopathy
Characteristics/Definition
Seen in the Setting of Cirrhosis
Hyperammonemia
Altered Mental Status
Coma
TIPS
Asterixis
Management
Lactulose
Rifaximin
Liver Transplant
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3 mins
Cirrhosis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Nutrition
Paracentesis
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Drug Therapy
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose
Antibiotics
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2 mins
Hepatitis C
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Flavivirus
Icosahedral
SS positive Linear
Clinical Features
Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
Associated With Type I MPGN
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
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2 mins
Hepatitis A
Characteristics
Picornavirus
4 Week Incubation Period
Fecal-oral
Day Care Centers
Travel to Developing Countries
Signs and Symptoms
Usually Asymptomatic
Acute Disease
Jaundice
Fever
Vomiting
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2 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Ascites
Esophageal Varices
Coagulation Defects
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome
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1 min
Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics
Hepadnavirus
Enveloped
Circular
Partially Double-stranded DNA
Has Reverse Transcriptase
IV Drug Use
Sex
Maternal Fetal Routes
3 Month Incubation Period
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2 mins
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
Transmission
Bodily Fluids
Blood Transmission
People Who Use IV Drugs
Incubation
Variable 1-6 Months
Assessment
Fever
Nausea and Vomiting
Hepatomegaly
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Considerations
Vaccination
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2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Disease
Can turn chronic
< 10% of adults become chronic carriers
90% of newborns become chronic carriers
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Polyarteritis nodosa
Serum sickness like syndrome
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2 mins
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
Transmission
Blood Transmission
High Risk Sex (rare)
IV Drug Users
Incubation
7 Weeks
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Considerations
Barrier Protection
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2 mins
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
Transmission
Fecal-Oral
Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
Incubation
4 Weeks
Assessment
Fever
General Malaise
Hepatomegaly
Considerations
Self-Limiting
Proper Hand Washing
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2 mins
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
AST/ALT Ratio
AST: 8-20 U/L
ALT: 8-20 U/L
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1 min
Liver Biopsy Procedure
Indications
Diagnosis of Liver Disease
Types of Liver Biopsy
Incisional (Open Method)
Needle Biopsy (Closed Method)
Considerations
Coagulation Status
Type and Crossmatch Blood
Right-Side Lying
Post-Biopsy Monitoring
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2 mins
Albumin Lab Value
3.5 - 5.5 g/dL
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49 secs

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