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NP Shared "FNP Intensive Review Leik-Gastrointestinal" - 117 Picmonics

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FNP Intensive Review Leik-Gastrointestinal

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
Pathophysiology
Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Signs and Symptoms
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Belching
Nighttime Coughing
Dysphagia
Epigastric Pain
Regurgitation
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Globus
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2 mins
Barrett's Esophagus
Histological findings
Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
Columnar Epithelium
Associated Pathologies
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Esophagitis
Esophageal Ulcers
Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
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1 min
Mallory-Weiss
Characteristics
Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
Forceful Vomiting
Alcoholism
Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
Painful Hematemesis
Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Management
Observation
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2 mins
Boerhaave Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Esophageal Rupture
Increased Esophageal Pressure while Vomiting
Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
Signs and Symptoms
Chest Pain
Odynophagia
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Management
Shock
Surgical Emergency
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2 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
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2 mins
Achalasia
Pathophysiology
Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Malignancies
Chagas Disease
Loss of Auerbach Plexus
Symptoms
Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Bird's Beak Appearance
Manometry
Risk Factors
Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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2 mins
Zenker Diverticulum
Pathophysiology
False Diverticulum
Junction of Pharynx and Esophagus
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Symptoms
Dysphagia
Regurgitation of Undigested Food
Halitosis
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Treatment
Surgical Repair
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2 mins
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Triad of Symptoms
Dysphagia
Esophageal Webs
Glossitis
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Association
Squamous Cell Cancer of Esophagus
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1 min
Esophageal Perforation
Etiologies
Iatrogenic
Inflammation
Trauma
Boerhaave Syndrome
Presentation
Retrosternal Pain
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Pneumomediastinum
Diagnostic Workup
Chest X-Ray
Esophagram
Computed Tomography
Management
ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
Surgical Repair
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4 mins
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors and Presentation
Characteristics
Most Common Esophageal Cancer Worldwide
Upper 2/3 of Esophagus
RISK FACTORS
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Alcohol
Smoking
Poor Diet
Achalasia
Clinical Features
Progressive Dysphagia
Weight Loss
Anemia
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1 min
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Characteristics
History of Atopic Disease
Symptoms
Dysphagia
Diagnosis
Endoscopy with Biopsy
Eosinophilic Infiltrate
Unresponsive to GERD Therapy
Interventions
Elimination Diet
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Topical Glucocorticoids
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2 mins
Esophageal Varices
Pathophysiology
Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Left Gastric Vein and Esophageal Veins
Clinical Features
Hematemesis
Melena
Hypotension
Acute Management
IV Fluids
Antibiotics
Octreotide
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Prophylaxis
Nonselective Beta Blockers
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
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3 mins
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
Characteristics
Most Common Esophageal Cancer in USA
Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
Risk Factors
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Barrett's Esophagus
Achalasia
Obesity
Smoking
Presentation
Weight Loss
Progressive Dysphagia
Anemia
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2 mins
Dysphagia
Etiology
Neurological Disorders
Muscular Disorders
Structural Abnormalities
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inflammatory Conditions
Signs & Symptoms
Difficulty Swallowing
Choking or Coughing
Regurgitation
Diagnosis
Clinical History and Physical Examination
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow Study - MBSS)
Interventions
Treat Underlying Cause
Therapy
Dietary Modifications
Medications
Surgery
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3 mins
Sialolithiasis
Characteristics
Stone Formation
Ducts of Major Salivary Glands
Clinical Manifestations
Recurrent Periprandial Pain
Swelling
Trouble Swallowing
Associations
Dehydration
Smoking Tobacco
Trauma
Treatment
NSAIDs
Stimulation of Salivary Flow
Antibiotics
Surgery
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2 mins
Peptic Ulcer Disease Interventions
Combination Drug Therapy
Two Antibiotics
Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Decrease Acid Secretion
Avoid NSAIDs
Diet and Lifestyle Changes
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1 min
Peptic Ulcer Disease Assessment
Mechanism/Cause
Helicobacter Pylori
NSAIDs
Increased Stomach Acid
Assessment
Abdominal Pain
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Melena
Weight Changes
GI Distress
Considerations
Most Commonly in Duodenum
Duodenal: Pain Relieved by Eating
Gastric: Pain Caused by Eating
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2 mins
Gastroenteritis
Cause/Mechanism
Viruses
Bacteria
Food Intolerances
Assessment
Flu-Like Symptoms
GI Distress
Bloody Stool
Interventions
Oral Rehydration
Considerations
Self-Limiting
Prevention
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2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Assessment
Mechanism
Hypertrophied Pylorus
Risk Factor
Macrolide Use
Assessment
3-6 Weeks of Age
Projectile Vomiting After Feeding
No Pain or Discomfort
Weight Loss
Dehydration
Hungry Baby
Olive Mass
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2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Interventions
Treatment
Pyloromyotomy
Preoperative Care
Stabilize Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Nasogastric Tube
Monitor Feeding
Postoperative Care
Start Formula or Breastfeeding Within 24 Hours
Feedings Every 4-6 hours
Full Feeding Within 2 days
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2 mins

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