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Pathology | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Substance Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Substance Abuse Assessment)
- Changes in Mood
- Poor Hygiene
- Odd Sleep Patterns
- Frequent Injuries
- Relationship or Job Difficulty
- Poor Performance
- Anorexia OR Weight Loss
- Social Isolation
- Financial Problems
2 mins
LSD Intoxication Assessment
- Psychosis
- Perceptual Distortion
- Visual Hallucinations
- Paranoia
- Depersonalization
- Anxiety
- Tachycardia
- Flashbacks
2 mins
Marijuana Intoxication Assessment
- Euphoria
- Slowed Reaction Time
- Conjunctival Injection
- Increased Appetite
- Anxiety
- Social Withdrawal
- Paranoid Delusions
2 mins
Phencyclidine (PCP) Intoxication Assessment
- Violent Behavior
- Motor Issues
- Nystagmus
- Increased Pain Tolerance
- Tachycardia
- Delirium
- Seizures
- Psychosis
2 mins
Cocaine Intoxication Assessment
- Euphoria
- Delusions
- Mydriasis
- Hallucinations
- Agitation
- Hypertension
- Arrhythmias
- Hyperthermia
- Seizures
- Nasal Septum Perforation
2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Assessment)
- Intoxication
- CNS Depression
- Withdrawal
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Medical Complications
- GI Distress
- Cardiomyopathy
- Pancreatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Immunosuppression
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Considerations
- Screening (Assessments)
3 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Interventions)
- Withdrawal
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Antianxiety Medications
- Vitamin Supplements
- Seizure Precautions
- Suicide Precautions
- Fever
- Considerations
- Identify Support Systems
- Group Therapy
- Disulfiram
- Naltrexone
2 mins
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Thiamine deficiency
- Confusion
- Ophthalmoplegia
- Ataxia
- Korsakoff
- Confabulation
- Personality Changes
- Memory loss
- Alcoholics
- Damage to medial dorsal nucleus
- Damage to mammillary bodies
2 mins
Barbiturates
- Barb- Drug Names
- Mechanism of Action
- Facilitate GABA-A Action
- Increased Duration of Chloride Channel Opening
- Decrease Neuron Firing
- Indications
- Anesthesia Induction
- Seizures and Neonatal Seizures
- Essential Tremor
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
- CNS Depression
- Cytochrome P-450 Inducer
- CONSIDERATIONS
- Contraindicated in Porphyria
3 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Mechanism
- Barbiturate
- Indications
- Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
- Considerations
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam' Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Benzodiazepine Intoxication Assessment
- Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Coma
- Treatment
- Flumazenil (Romazicon)
2 mins
Short-acting Benzodiazepines
- Mnemonic
- ATOM
- Drug Names
- Alprazolam
- Triazolam
- Oxazepam
- Midazolam
- Indications
- Anesthesia Induction
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Considerations
- Half-life < 12 Hours
- Dependence
2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
- Antidote
- Flumazenil
40 secs
Opioids Overview
- Indications
- Pain
- Weaning
- Cough
- Diarrhea
- Mechanism of Action
- Agonists at Mu (μ), Kappa (Κ), and Delta (δ) Receptors
- Decrease Synaptic Transmission
- Side Effects
- Respiratory Depression
- Addiction
- Miosis
- Constipation
2 mins
Opioid Use Disorder and Withdrawal Assessment (Formerly Opioid Abuse and Withdrawal Assessment)
- Abuse Assessment
- Euphoria
- Miosis
- CNS Depression
- Abuse Withdrawal
- Yawning
- Gooseflesh
- Sweating
- Rhinorrhea
- Kicking Movements
- Consideration
- Naloxone
1 min
Opioid Antidote
- Antidote
- Naloxone
29 secs
Naloxone (Narcan)
- Mechanism
- Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
- Indications
- Opioid Induced CNS Depression
- Side Effects
- Severe Nausea and Vomiting
- Excitable State
- Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
- Considerations
- Repeated Dosing Often Required
1 min
MDMA (Ecstasy) Toxicity: Management
- Airway Management
- Management of Hypertension
- Benzodiazapines
- Nitroprusside
- Activated Charcoal if Within One Hour of Ingestion
- Ice Bath if Hyperthermic
- Cyproheptadine if Serotonin Syndrome
- Fluid Restriction for Hyponatremia
- Hypertonic Saline if Hyponatremia + Altered Mental Status
4 mins
MDMA (Ecstasy) Toxicity: Mechanism and Clinical Findings
- Mechanism
- Sympathomimetic
- Increases Release and Blocks Reuptake of Catecholamines
- Clinical Presentation
- Euphoria
- Increased Alertness
- Extreme Hyponatremia Leading to Altered Mental Status
- Acute Liver Injury
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hypertensive Urgency/Emergency
- Arrhythmia
5 mins
Delirium Tremens
- TIMING
- 2-4 Days After Last Drink
- Cause
- Alcohol Withdrawal
- Clinical Manifestations
- Altered Mental Status (Change In LOC)
- Anxiety
- Hallucinations
- Autonomic Instability
- Seizures
- Insomnia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Treatment
- Benzodiazepines
- Supportive Care
3 mins
Substance Use Disorder
- Diagnostic Criteria
- 2 or More Symptoms For 1 year
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal Symptoms
- Cravings
- Using More Than Intended
- Inability to Cut Down
- Time-Consuming Substance Acquisition
- Impaired Functioning at Work
- Reduced Recreational Activities
- Dangerous Activities
- Continued Use
2 mins
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
- Pathogenesis
- Maternal Substance Abuse
- Withdrawal Symptoms in Neonate
- Clinical Manifestations
- Diarrhea
- Irritability
- Sneezing
- Tremor
- Increased Moro Reflex
- Tachypnea
- Management
- Maternal Screening
- Nonpharmacologic Therapy
- Opioids
2 mins
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