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General Surgery | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Thyroid Function Screening Tests
- If TSH High
- Free T4 (FT4)
- If TSH Low
- Free T4 (FT4) and T3 (Triiodothyronine)
- Consider Serum Total T4 (Thyroxine)
- Considerations
- Only Total T4 Increases in Pregnancy
- T4 is Converted to T3
- Avoid for Inpatient Screening
2 mins
Wells' Criteria for Pulmonary Embolism
- Scoring
- Clinical Symptoms of DVT (+3)
- Pulmonary Embolism Most Likely Diagnosis (+3)
- Tachycardia (+1.5)
- Immobilization > 3 Days (+1.5)
- Previous DVT or PE (+1.5)
- Hemoptysis (+1)
- Malignancy (+1)
- Probability
- > 6 = High
- 2-6 = Moderate
- < 2 = Low
3 mins
Light's Criteria
- Use
- Determines Transudative vs. Exudative Source of Pleural Effusion
- Exudate if (At Least One of the Following):
- Effusion/Serum Protein Ratio > 0.5
- Effusion/Serum LDH Ratio > 0.6
- Effusion LDH > Two-thirds Upper Serum LDH Range
2 mins
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Criteria
- Must have 2 or more of the following:
- Temperature < 36C or > 38C
- Pulse > 90 beats per minute
- Respirations > 20/min or PCO2 < 32
- WBC < 4,000 or > 12,000 or 10% bands
- Mechanism
- Subset of Cytokine Storm and Related to Sepsis
2 mins
Duke Criteria for Infective Endocarditis
- Major Criteria
- Blood Culture Positive
- Endocardial Involvement
- Minor Criteria
- Fever
- Immunologic Phenomena
- Vascular Phenomena
- Predisposition
- Microbiological Evidence
- Diagnosis
- Two Major Criteria, or
- One Major and Three Minor Criteria, or
- Five Minor Criteria
4 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy
- Complete Blood Cell Count
- Blood Typing
- Rubella Titer
- Hepatitis B
- HIV Testing
- Urinalysis
- Diabetes
- Pap Smears
2 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (1st Visit)
- Diagnosis
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Blood Typing and Rh
- Rubella
- HIV
- Hepatitis B
- Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
- Sexually Transmitted Infections
- Chlamydia
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Syphilis
- Pap Smears
- Urinalysis
- Sickle Cell Screening (If Indicated)
2 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (Other Visits)
- Diagnosis
- 10-13 Weeks
- Offer Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
- 15-18 Weeks
- Quad Screen
- 18-20 Weeks
- Ultrasound
- Anatomic Screening
- 24-28 Weeks
- One-Hour Glucose Challenge Test
- 35-37 Weeks
- Streptococcus Agalactiae
3 mins
Quad Screen Results Interpretation
- Markers
- AFP
- Estriol
- hCG
- Inhibin A
- Aneuploidies
- Down Syndrome = HIgh
- Turner Syndrome = Very HIgh
- Edward Syndrome = Low HEAp
- Patau Syndrome = AFP is Normal
2 mins
TORCHeS Screening
- TORCHES
- Toxoplasmosis
- Other
- Rubella
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Syphilis
- Considerations
- Diagnostic Testing
3 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
- Women aged 21-65 years old
- Pap smear every 3 years
- Women aged 30-65 years old
- Can opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV testing) every 5 years
- Identify lesions
- High grade lesions
- Cryotherapy
- Loop Excision
- Cold knife Conization
2 mins
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Considerations
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
2 mins
Salter-Harris Fracture Classification
- SMACK
- Slipped Across Physis (Type 1)
- Metaphysis and Physis (Type 2)
- Articular-Epiphyseal (Type 3)
- Complete Metaphysis and Epiphysis (Type 4)
- Krushed Physis (Type 5)
2 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
- Classifications
- Normal
- Systolic (< 120)
- Diastolic (< 80)
- Prehypertension
- Systolic +20 (120-139)
- Diastolic +10 (80-89)
- Stage 1 Hypertension
- Systolic +20 (140-159)
- Diastolic +10 (90-99)
- Stage 2 Hypertension
- Systolic + > 20 (160)
- Diastolic + > 10 (100)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Systolic > 180
- Diastolic > 110
4 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (ACC/AHA 2017)
- Classifications
- Normal
- Systolic Less than 120
- Diastolic Less than 80
- Elevated
- Systolic +10 (120-129)
- Diastolic Less than 80
- Stage 1 Hypertension
- Systolic +10 (130-139)
- Diastolic +10 (80-89)
- Stage 2 Hypertension
- Systolic +40 (140-179)
- Diastolic +30 (90-119)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Systolic greater than or equal to 180
- Diastolic greater than or equal to 120
5 mins
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
- CAUTION
- Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
- A Sore That Does Not Heal
- Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
- Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
- Nagging Cough
1 min
Ranson's Criteria on Admission
- Use
- Mortality Predictor for Acute Pancreatitis
- Criteria on Admission
- GA LAW (Each is +1)
- Glucose > 200 mg/dL
- Age > 55 Years
- LDH > 350 U/L
- AST > 250 U/L
- WBC Count > 16,000/mm3
2 mins
Ransons Criteria During First 48 Hours
- Use
- Mortality Predictor for Acute Pancreatitis
- Criteria Present at 48 Hours
- C HOBBS (Each is +1)
- Calcium < 8.0 mg/dL
- Hematocrit Decreased by > 10%
- Oxygen (PO2) < 60 mmHg
- BUN Increased by Greater or Equal to 5 mg/dL
- Base Deficit > 4 mEq/L
- Sequestered Fluid > 6 L
3 mins
Pulmonary Hypertension Classification (WHO)
- Group 1
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
- Idiopathic
- Hereditary
- BMPR2 Mutation
- Group 2
- Left Heart Disease
- Group 3
- Lung Diseases or Hypoxia
- COPD
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea
- Group 4
- Chronic Pulmonary Emboli
- Group 5
- Multifactorial
2 mins
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