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How to Interpret Acid Base Disorders

pH, pCO2, HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what three lab values are are seen as crucial?

Step 1

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is the first lab value to look at?

Acidosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, a pH <7.35 is classified as which of the following?

Alkalosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, a pH >7.45 is classified as which of the following?

Step 2

pCO2

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is the second lab value to look at?

Opposite Direction As pH

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, a respiratory disorder is indicated when the pCO2 value is which of the following?

Respiratory Acidosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is indicated when the pH is <7.35 and there is a pCO2 >45 mmHg?

Respiratory Alkalosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is indicated when the pH is >7.45 and there is a pCO2 <35 mmHg?

Step 3

HCO3 (Bicarbonate)

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is generally the third lab value to look at?

Same Direction As pH

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, a metabolic disorder is indicated when the bicarbonate value is which of the following?

Metabolic Acidosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is generally indicated when the pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate are all decreased compared to their normal ranges?

Metabolic Alkalosis

When determining how to interpret acid base disorders, what is generally indicated when the pH, pCO2, and bicarbonate are all increased compared to their normal ranges?

Diuretic use

Which of the following is associated causing Metabolic Alkalosis?

Vomiting

Antacid

Hyperaldosteronism

Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions

Interventions 

Treat Underlying Cause

Which of the following is most likely indicated as treatment for a patient with metabolic alkalosis?

Stop Potassium (K+) Wasting Diuretics

Spironolactone

Which diuretic is most appropriate for a patient with metabolic alkalosis?

Acetazolamide

IV Fluids

Sodium Chloride

Replace Potassium (K+)

Considerations

Monitor Respiratory Rate

Which of the following is an important consideration for a patient with metabolic alkalosis?

Monitor Heart Rate

Seizure Precautions

Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis

HARD-ASS

Which of the following is an acronym or mnemonic associated with Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis?

Hyperalimentation

Which of the following diseases or disorders is most likely associated with causing Normal Gap Metabolic Acidosis?

Addison's Disease

Renal Tubular Acidosis

Diarrhea

Saline Infusion

Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Increased Anion Gap

During your assessment of a patient with Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis which of the following is most likely to be seen?

MUDPILES

Which of the following is an acronym or mnemonic used to remember the causes of Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis?

Methanol

Which of the following is associated with causing Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis?

Uremia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Propylene Glycol

Isoniazid or Iron

Lactic Acid

Ethylene Glycol

Salicylates

Pathophysiology

Metabolic Acidosis Interventions

Interventions

Raise Plasma pH > 7.20

What best describes the pH goal in the treatment of metabolic acidosis in the acute setting?

Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for metabolic acidosis?

Sodium Bicarbonate

Which of the following is most likely indicated to treat severe metabolic acidosis?

Follow ABGs

Which of the following laboratory tests is the most appropriate to monitor in a patient with metabolic acidosis?

Continuously Monitor Patient

Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation in a patient with metabolic acidosis?

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