Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of myc Oncogenes
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
Carcinoid Syndrome
- Neuroendocrine Cells
- Serotonin
- Appendix
- Chromogranin A
- Neuron Specific Enolase
- Dense Core Bodies on EM
- Symptoms When Metastasize to Liver
- Flushing
- Wheezing
- Right Heart Murmur
- Diarrhea
Neuroblastoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Malignant Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Neural Crest Cells Origin
- Sympathetic Ganglia
- Adrenal Glands
- Amplification of N-myc Oncogene
- Most Common Cancer In Infancy
- Abdominal Mass That Can Cross Midline
- Gastrointestinal Distress
- Metastasis
- Raccoon Eyes
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Neuroblastoma Diagnosis and Management
- 24-hour Urine Test
- Increased Catecholamines
- Homovanillic and Vanillylmandelic Acid
- Ultrasound
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Biopsy
- Small Round Blue Cells
- Homer-Wright Rosettes
- Bombesin Positive
- Neuron Specific Enolase Positive
- Local Excision
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
- Occurs Most Commonly in Kids
- Posterior Fossa
- Cerebellum
- Well Circumscribed
- GFAP
- Rosenthal Fibers
- Eosinophilic Corkscrew Fibers
Schwannoma
- Acoustic Schwannoma
- Cranial Nerve VIII
- Cerebellopontine Angle
- S100 Positive
- Bilateral Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2
- Tinnitus
- Cranial Nerve V
- Affects Corneal Reflex
Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Mature B Cell Tumor
- Splenomegaly
- Flow Cytometry
- Cells Have Filamentous Hair-Like Projections
- Stains TRAP Positive
- Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Cladribine
- Pentostatin
Polymyxins
- Cationic
- Act Like Detergents
- Bind to Cell Membranes of Bacteria
- Disrupt Their Osmotic Properties
- Resistant Gram-Negative Infections
- Neurotoxicity
- Renal tubular necrosis
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
- Most Common Thyroid Cancer
- Excellent Prognosis
- Lymphatic Spread
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- Empty Nuclei with Central Clearing
- Psammoma Bodies
- Head and Neck Radiation
- RET and BRAF Mutations
- Gardner Syndrome
- Cowden Syndrome
Somatostatinoma
- Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
- Originates from Delta Cells
- Steatorrhea
- Gallstones
- Hyperglycemia
- Increased Somatostatin
- Abdominal CT or MRI
- Octreotide
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy
Meningioma
- Most Common Adult Primary Brain Tumor
- Benign
- Originate from Arachnoid Villi
- Dural Attachment
- Parasagittal
- Contralateral Leg Weakness
- Seizures
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calcifications
- Increased Bone Density
Mesothelioma
- Malignant Pleural Tumor
- Asbestos Exposure
- Dyspnea
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Constitutional B Symptoms
- Hemorrhagic Pleural Effusion
- Pleural Thickening
- Psammoma Bodies
- Calretinin
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
Prolactinoma
- Pituitary Adenoma
- Galactorrhea
- Prolactin Inhibits Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
- Impotence
- Amenorrhea
- Bitemporal Hemianopsia
- Treat with Dopamine