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PANCE

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Cause/Mechanism

Maternal Infections

Which of the following is most commonly known to cause cerebral palsy?

Fetal Hypoxia

Assessment

Developmental Delay

Which of the following clinical findings is most often seen in cerebral palsy?

Neurological Dysfunction

Spasticity

Dysphagia

Interventions

Muscle Relaxants

Which of the following treatments or interventions is usually used to manage cerebral palsy?

Muscle Exercises

Assistive Devices

Braces

Multiple Sclerosis Features and Mechanisms

Features

Twice as often in Women

Which of the following groups of people are most commonly associated with multiple sclerosis?

Presents in 20's and 30's

Northern Europeans

Mechanism

Unknown mechanism, genetic factor

What best describes the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

HLA-DRB1

Which gene is usually associated with multiple sclerosis?

Autoimmune Demyelination of CNS

What best describes the initial pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

White Matter of Brain and Spinal Cord

What anatomic regions are usually affected by multiple sclerosis?

T Cell Mediated Inflammation

Multiple Sclerosis Interventions

Drug Therapy

Corticosteroids

Which of the following medications or drug classes is/are most commonly used to treat multiple sclerosis?

Interferon Beta

Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)

Fingolimod (Gilenya)

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)

Natalizumab (Tysabri)

Considerations

Increase Exercise

Which of the following recommendations most commonly helps to decrease muscle spasticity in multiple sclerosis?

Identify Triggers

Which of the following general recommendations best helps to reduce flare-ups of multiple sclerosis?

Myasthenia Gravis

Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor

Which of the following mechanisms best explains the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis?

Symptoms

Ptosis

Which of the following findings is most likely associated with myasthenia gravis?

Diplopia

Which of the following clinical characteristics is most likely associated with myasthenia gravis?

Weakness with Muscle Use

Which of the following characteristics is most likely true of myasthenia gravis?

Respiratory Death

Which of the following is the most likely cause of death in a patient with a myasthenic crisis?

Thymus Associated

In myasthenia gravis, a tumor or hyperplasia is often the result in which of the following associated structures?

Treatment

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Which medical therapy is most likely indicated in myasthenia gravis?

Plasmapheresis

Which medical therapy is most likely indicated in a myasthenia gravis crisis?

Thymectomy

Which of the following treatments is most likely indicated in patients with myasthenia gravis?

Neuromuscular Disorders

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