Master Ileostomy Care with Picmonic for Nursing RN

Stool originating from the small intestine contains enzymes and bile salts that irritate the skin. Since altered skin integrity related to intestinal content seepage may occur when the stoma is flat, creating a stoma protrusion of at least 1 cm helps make ileostomy care easier. While switching ostomy pouches, the skin should be cleansed and a solid skin barrier should be applied.

Intestinal content drainage is constant and cannot be regulated. Since an ileostomy drains continuously, an ostomy pouch must be worn at all times. Unless leakage occurs, the drainable pouch is changed every 4-7 days and emptied when 1/3-1/2 full. Because of the continuous drainage, irrigations are rarely done.

Drainage from the stoma affects the patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. Initially, the colons of patients with new ileostomies are unable to absorb fluids and experience periods of high-volume output. The electrolytes potassium and sodium should be closely monitored. Encourage the patient with an ostomy to drink at least 3L of fluid a day to prevent dehydration. Promoting adequate fluid intake is particularly important during hot weather, excessive sweating, and episodes of diarrhea. Teach the patient about the signs and symptoms of dehydration including poor skin turgor and dry mucous membranes.

Immediately after an ileostomy, the patient is ordered a low-fiber diet to allow the intestines to heal and minimize obstruction. As the body adjusts to the ileostomy, fiber is gradually reintroduced into the patient's diet with the goal of returning to a normal, pre-surgical diet. Instruct the patient to chew foods such as popcorn and unpeeled vegetables thoroughly before swallowing. Teach client to omit gas forming foods, such as cabbage, beans, asparagus, and foods that cause odor and that do not digest well (nuts and corn).