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Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Ed., Huether, McCance, Brashers, & Rote
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16 - Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Functions

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Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Ed., Huether, McCance, Brashers, & Rote | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

16 - Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Functions
18 Picmonics to Learn | 37 mins
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
Conscious
Confused
Delirious
Somnolent
Obtunded
Stuporous
Comatose
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3 mins
5 A's of Alzheimer's Disease
Agnosia
Anomia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Amnesia
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1 min
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Assessment
Assessment
Inattention
Incomplete Tasks
Easily Distracted
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness
Disruptive
Considerations
Two Areas of Life
Onset by Age 12
Symptoms > 6 Months
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3 mins
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Interventions
Drug Therapy
CNS Stimulants
Amphetamine
Methylphenidate
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
Considerations
Manage Disruptive Behavior
Provide Simple Instructions
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2 mins
Delirium
Mechanism
Rapid Onset
Reversible
Assessment
Hallucinations
Decline in Cognition
Short Attention Span
Rapid Speech
Change in Activity Level
Mood Swings
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2 mins
Types of Seizures
Tonic-Clonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence (Petit Mal)
Myoclonic
Atonic
Partial (Focal) Seizure
Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
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3 mins
Seizure Precautions
Reduce Environmental Stimuli
Identify Triggers
Aura
Pad Side Rails
Bed Lowest Position
Oxygen and Suction Available
Consideration
Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
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2 mins
Seizure Interventions
Maintain Airway
Side-lying Position
Support Head
Move to Floor
Benzodiazepines
Considerations
Never Restrain
No Objects in Mouth
Document Details
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
Change in LOC
Headache
Cushings Triad
Irregular Respirations
Widening Pulse Pressure
Bradycardia
Projectile Vomiting
Abnormal Pupils
Papilledema
Posturing
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
Interventions
Elevate Head Of Bed
Foley Catheter
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
High Dose Barbiturates
Passive Hyperventilation
Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
Considerations
Neuro Assessment
Maintain Normal Temperature
Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
Intracranial Monitoring System
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2 mins
Hydrocephalus
Cause
Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
Assessment
Signs of Increased ICP
Infant Assessment
High Pitched Cry
Irritability
Opisthotonus
Increased Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Setting Sun Sign
Interventions
Seizure Precautions
Elevate HOB
CSF Shunt
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2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Assessment
Change in LOC
Personality Changes
Amnesia
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Diplopia
Posturing
Location of Injury
Basilar Skull Fracture
Halo or Ring Sign
Considerations
Intracranial Bleeding
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2 mins
Parkinson's Disease Assessment
Assessment
Decreased Dopamine
Older Adult
Cogwheel Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Shuffling Gait
Resting Tremor
Pill-Rolling
Mask-Like Face
Cognitive Decline
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2 mins
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
Medications
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Entacapone (Comtan)
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Considerations
Allow Extra Time
Ensure Patient Safety
Surgery As Last Resort
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2 mins
Tardive Dyskinesia
Signs and Symptoms
Bizarre Facial Movements
Bizarre Tongue Movement
Increased Extremity Movements
Stiff Neck
Dysphagia
Interventions
Stop Medication
AIMS
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2 mins
Huntington's Disease Assessment and Interventions
Assessment
Decreased GABA
Appears around Age 40
Slow Cognitive Decline
Choreiform Movements
Non Repetitive Jerks
Interventions
Neuroleptics
Tetrabenazine
Genetic Counseling
Considerations
Stages of Disease
High Calorie Diet
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2 mins
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
Assessment
Ascending Paralysis
Muscle Weakness
Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
Diplopia
Difficulty Speaking
Dysphagia
Labile Blood Pressure
Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
Considerations
Aggressive Airway Management
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2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Assessment
Progressive Muscle Weakness
Systemic Muscle Wasting
Fasciculations
Spasticity
Fatigue
Considerations
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Stretching
Little to No Cognitive Decline
Respiratory Support
Palliative Care
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2 mins

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