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Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 9th Ed., Lilley, Rainforth Collins & Snyder, 2019
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57 - Ophthalmic Drugs

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Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 9th Ed., Lilley, Rainforth Collins & Snyder, 2019 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

57 - Ophthalmic Drugs
12 Picmonics to Learn | 19 mins
Eye
Characteristics
Sclera
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Ciliary Muscles
Optic Nerve
Rods
Cones
Retina
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1 min
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG - Chronic)
Mechanism
Flow of Aqueous Humor Slowed
Signs and Symptoms
Slow Onset
No Pain
Tunnel Vision
IOP 22-32mm Hg
Considerations
Drug Therapy
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1 min
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
Mechanism
Rapid Increase in IOP
Signs and Symptoms
Rapid Onset
Pain
Blurred Vision
Halos Around Lights
Nausea and Vomiting
IOP over 30 mm Hg
Considerations
Drug Therapy
Surgery
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1 min
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Mechanism
Osmotic Diuresis
Indications
Reducing Intracranial Pressure
Reducing Intraocular Pressure
Renal Failure Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Edema
Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
Considerations
Avoid Use in Cardiac Patients
IV Administration
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2 mins
Aminoglycoside Overview
End in "-mycin"
GNATS
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Severe Gram Negative Infections
Bowel Surgery Prep
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1 min
Aminoglycoside Side Effects
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Respiratory Paralysis
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Considerations
Peak and Trough
Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV
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2 mins
Macrolides
End in "-thromycin"
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Indications
Alternative for Penicillin Allergy
Respiratory Infections
Pneumonia
Side Effects
QT Prolongation and Sudden Death
C.Diff Overgrowth
GI Distress
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
Fluoroquinolones
End in "-floxacin"
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Variety of Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Photosensitivity
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Children
Myasthenia Gravis
Considerations
Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
Sulfonamides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Indications
Urinary Tract Infection
Side Effects
Crystalluria
Photosensitivity
Hemolytic Anemia
Kernicterus
Rash
Considerations
Sulfa Allergy
Encourage Fluids
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2 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
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2 mins
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
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1 min
Cromolyn (Mast Cell Stabilizers)
Mechanism
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Indications
Asthma Prophylaxis
Bronchial Inflammation
Allergic Rhinitis
Side Effects
Cough
Bronchospasm
Consideration
Fixed Schedule Administration
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2 mins

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