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Pharmacology: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach 10th Ed., McCuistion | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Metric System

Kilogram (kg)

Gram (g/gm)

Milligram (mg)

Microgram (mcg)

Liter (L)

Milliliter (mL)

Meter (m)

Larger to Smaller: Multiply

Smaller to Larger: Divide

3 mins

Conversions: Weight

1000 mcg = 1 mg

1000 mg = 1 g

1000 g = 1 kg

2.2 lb = 1 kg

1 min

Conversions: Volume

1 mL = 1 cc

5 mL = 1 Tsp

15 mL = 1 Tbsp

30 mL = 1 oz

1000 mL = 1L

2 Tbsp = 1 oz

8 oz = 1 Cup

2 mins

Conversions: Pounds and Kilograms

2.2 lb (pounds)

1 kg (kilogram)

Know Your Own Weight

37 secs

Conversions: Temperature

0° C = 32° F

°C x 1.8 + 32 = °F

1 min

Intradermal Medication Administration

Tuberculin Screening

Allergy Testing

Dermis

Inner Forearm or Upper Back

1mL Syringe (26 or 27 Gauge Needle)

5 to 15 Degrees

Small Bleb

2 mins

Acetaminophen

Fever

Pain

Reversibly Inhibits COX

Acts Primarily in CNS

Hepatic Necrosis

N-acetylcysteine Antidote

51 secs

Heparin (Unfractionated)

Suppresses Coagulation

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Pulmonary Embolism

Hemorrhage

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Monitor aPTT

Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy

Protamine Sulfate

2 mins

Morphine

Opioid Receptor Agonist

Pain

Myocardial Infarction

Nausea and Vomiting

CNS Depression

Biliary Colic

Constipation

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

Pupillary Constriction

Hypotension

2 mins

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

"-pril" Suffix

Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Hypertension

Heart Failure

Dry Non-productive Cough

Hypotension

Dizziness

Possible Hyperkalemia

Angioedema

Slowly Change Position

Do Not Stop Abruptly

2 mins

Loop Diuretics

Thick ascending limb of Loop of Henle

Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-

Sulfa drug

Furosemide

Lasix

Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection

Gout

Dehydration

Hypocalcemia

Hypokalemia

Orthostatic Hypotension

2 mins

Loop Diuretic Education

Furosemide (Lasix)

Heart Failure

Pulmonary Edema

Acute Renal Failure (ARF)

Edema

Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping

Increase Potassium Intake

Check BP Daily

Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs

1 min

Ratio and Proportion

Two Numbers Separated by a Colon

Colon Indicates Division

Equation with Two Equal Ratios

Double Colons Indicates Equal Sign

Extremes

Means

Set up the Proportion

Cross-Multiply Means and Extremes

Divide Both Sides by the Number Before Unknown Variable

3 mins

Standard Formula

Dose Ordered

Dose on Hand

Amount on Hand (Quantity)

Ensure Same Units and System of Measurement

Dose Ordered/Dose on Hand X Amount on Hand = Amount to Administer

2 mins

Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)

Barbiturate

Seizures

Ataxia

Paradoxical Excitement

Fatigue/Drowsiness

Monitor Plasma Levels

High Potential for Abuse

1 min

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

Aminopenicillin

Broad Spectrum Penicillin

Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections

Rash

Diarrhea

No Effect Against Staph Aureus

Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor

Allergic Reaction

2 mins

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)

Inhibits Platelet Aggregation

NSAID

Thrombotic Event Prevention

General Pain

Inflammatory Conditions

Fever

Pancytopenia

GI Ulcers

Bleeding

Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days

Reye's Syndrome

2 mins

Fluoroquinolones

End in "-floxacin"

Bactericidal

Variety of Infections

GI Distress

Photosensitivity

Achilles Tendon Rupture

Pregnancy

Children

Myasthenia Gravis

Avoid Milk Products or Antacids

Slow IV Infusion

2 mins

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview

Depression

Anxiety

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Paroxetine

Sertraline

Escitalopram

Fluoxetine

Sexual Dysfunction

Serotonin Syndrome

Treat with Cyproheptadine

2 mins

Cisplatin (Platinol)

Alkylating Agent

Cross-Links DNA

Testicular Cancer

Ovarian Cancer

Nausea and Vomiting

Myelosuppression

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Peripheral Neuropathy

Antiemetics Before Administration

Aggressive Hydration

3 mins

Vincristine (Oncovin)

Vinca Alkaloid

Inhibits Microtubules

Leukemias

Lymphomas

Peripheral Neuropathy

Paralytic Ileus

Vesicant

2 mins

Valproic Acid (Depakote)

Blocks Na+ Channels

Increases GABA Concentration

Tonic-clonic Seizures

Bipolar Disorder

Migraine Prophylaxis

Hepatotoxicity

Blood Dyscrasias

GI Distress

Tremor

Pancreatitis

1 min

Aminoglycoside Overview

End in "-mycin"

Gentamicin

Neomycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

Streptomycin

Bactericidal

Severe Gram Negative Infections

Bowel Surgery Prep

1 min

Cimetidine and Famotidine (H2 Receptor Blockers)

-tidine Suffix

H2 Receptor Blocker

Suppress Gastric Acid Secretion

Pneumonia

Anti-androgen Effects

CNS Changes

2 mins

Tetracyclines Overview

End in "-cycline"

Bacteriostatic

Infectious Diseases

Acne

Periodontal Disease

Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron

Sunlight Protection

1 min

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Inhibits Clotting Factors

Atrial Fibrillation

Venous Thrombosis

Pulmonary Embolism

PT/INR Levels

Observe for Bleeding

Pregnancy

Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma

Prolonged Therapeutic Onset

Maintain Same Diet

2 mins

Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ

Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H₂O

Edema

Mild to Moderate Hypertension

Hypokalemia

Hyponatremia

Dehydration

Hyperglycemia

Gout

Sulfa Allergy

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

1 min

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Blocks Na+ Channels

Tonic-clonic Seizures

Ataxia

Nystagmus

Sedation

Gingival Hyperplasia

Purple Glove Syndrome

Hirsutism

Rash

Anemia

Individualized Dosing

2 mins

Atropine

Muscarinic Antagonist

Bradycardia

Increased Exocrine Secretions

Smooth Muscle Spasms

Tachycardia

Dry Mouth

Urinary Retention

2 mins

IV Solutions

Hypotonic (< 280 mOsm/L)

1/4 Normal Saline (0.225% NaCl)

1/2 Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl)

Isotonic (280-300 mOsm)

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)

Lactated Ringer's (LR)

Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)

Hypertonic (> 300 mOsm)

3% or 5% NaCl

Dextrose 5% in 0.45% NaCl

Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W)

3 mins

IV Calculation Formulas

Drop Factor

Macrodrip

Microdrip

Total Volume to Infuse (mL) X Drop Factor/ Time in Minutes = Drops/Minute (gtt/min)

Total Volume to Infuse / mL per Hour Being Infused = Infusion Time

Total Volume in mL / Time in Hours = Number of mL per Hour

3 mins

Infusions Prescribed by Unit Dosage per Hour

Determine Amount of Medication per 1mL

Known Amount of Medication in Solution/Total Volume of Diluent = Amount of Medication per Milliliter

Calculate mL per Hour

Dose per Hour Desired/Concentration per Milliliter = Infusion Rate (mL/hour)

2 mins

Insulin

Rapid Acting

Insulin Lispro (Humalog)

Insulin Aspart (Novolog)

Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)

Short Acting

Regular Insulin (Humulin R)

Intermediate Acting

Isophane NPH (Humulin N)

Long Acting

Detemir (Levemir)

Glargine (Lantus)

2 mins

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