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Sclera

The ____________ is the outer thick layer of the eye, but it does not cover the entire eye.

Cornea

Light first passes through the ____________, which bends and focuses it.

Iris

The ____________ controls the dilation of the pupil and adjusts the amount of light entering the eye.

Lens

The ____________ does the final focusing of light entering the eye.

Ciliary Muscles

The ____________ control the thickness of the lens, which affects the focus of light on the retina.

Optic Nerve

The ____________ is a bundle of ganglionic cell axons that exit the back of the eye and transmits the light signal to the brain for interpretation.

Rods

____________ transmit black and white images as well as low-intensity light. ____________ only have one pigment: rhodopsin.

Cones

____________ transmit colored light. There are three types of ____________, each containing a different pigment (red, blue and green).

Retina

The ____________ is the location where light is imaged at the back of the eye.

Characteristics

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Mechanism

Dry (nonexudative)

Which form of macular degeneration is characterized by the accumulation of yellow pigment causing obstruction of retinal capillaries?

Wet (exudative)

Which form of macular degeneration is characterized by neovascularization and the destruction of retinal cells by leaky capillaries?

Signs and Symptoms

Scotomas

Which of the following clinical features is most commonly seen in age-related macular degeneration?

Blurred, darkened vision

Loss of central vision

Distortion of vision

Considerations

Drug Therapy

What is a treatment option for age-related macular degeneration?

Surgery

Low-vision assistive devices

Cataract

Age-related

Which of the following is most commonly attributed to the mechanism of cataracts?

Assessment

No Pain

During your assessment of a cataract patient, which of the following is most likely to be present?

Cloudy Opaque Lens

What is true regarding the signs or symptoms of cataracts?

Decreased Visual Acuity

During your assessment of a cataract patient, which of the following is most likely to be present or applicable?

Occurs Gradually

Treatment

Which of the following is most likely indicated for the treatment of cataracts?

Detached Retina

Flashes of Light

During your assessment of a patient with a detached retina which of the following is most likely to be seen?

Floaters

Curtain Like Shadow

Interventions

Eye Patch

What intervention or consideration is indicated for a patient with a detached retina?

Bed Rest

Surgical Emergency

No Vigorous Activity

What consideration is indicated for a patient with a detached retina?

Eye Medication Administration

Procedure

Supine with Neck Hyperextended

Which patient position is best when administering ophthalmic ointment or drops?

Wash Away Crusts

Which of the following is important prior to administering ophthalmic ointment or drops?

Cotton Ball on Cheekbone

What should be placed and where, prior to administering ophthalmic ointment or drops?

For Ophthalmic Drops

Instill Drops into Conjunctival Sac

Which of the following medication administration or route details are best associated with administering ophthalmic drops?

Repeat if Missed or Patient Blinks

Which of the following is the most appropriate action if a drop from an ophthalmic medication misses the patient's eye or the patient blinks?

5 Minutes Before 2nd Medication

What is the most appropriate amount of time to wait to avoid interaction between two different topical ophthalmic medications?

For Ophthalmic Ointment

Thin Stream Along Inner Edge

Which of the following is the best route for administering ophthalmic ointment?

Inner Canthus to Outer Canthus

Which of the following is the most appropriate direction to follow to avoid infection when administering topical ophthalmic medications?

20 - Assessment and Management: Visual Problems

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