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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher
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31 - Assessment of Cardiovascular System

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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

31 - Assessment of Cardiovascular System
21 Picmonics to Learn | 36 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
Characteristics
Aortic Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Closes
Ventricles Relax
Mitral Valve Opens
Tricuspid Valve Opens
Ventricles Fill
Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
Atrial Contraction
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3 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
Characteristics
AV Node
AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
Tricuspid Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Opens
Mitral Valve Closes
Aortic Valve Opens
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2 mins
Autonomic Nervous System
Characteristics
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight
All Preganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Norepinephrine
Antagonistic Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and Digest
Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
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2 mins
Coronary Arteries
Aortic Root
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Right (Acute) Marginal Artery
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Marginal Artery
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1 min
Celecoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Pain
Mechanism of Action
NSAID
Selectively Inhibits COX-2
Side Effects
Sulfa Allergy
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
GI Bleed
Contraindication
Pregnancy > 30 Weeks
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1 min
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Mechanism
Low Potency Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Hiccups
Side Effects
Sedation
Weight Gain
Orthostatic Hypotension
Anticholinergic Effects
QT Prolongation
Neuroendocrine Effects
Caution in Seizure Patients
Corneal Deposits
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2 mins
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Mechanisms
NSAID
COX Inhibitor
Indications
General Pain
Fever
Inflammatory Conditions
Side Effects
GI Ulcers
Nephrotoxicity
Rash
Considerations
Avoid with Alcohol
Risk of Thrombotic Event
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2 mins
Contraception
Indications
Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
Barrier Methods
Spermicides
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Contraceptive Sponge
Male Condom
Hormonal Method
Oral Contraceptive
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Injectable Progestins
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2 mins
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Indications
Indications
Major Depression
Bedwetting
Fibromyalgia
OCD
Drugs
-Iptyline or -Ipramine Suffix
Amitriptyline
Desipramine
Clomipramine
Imipramine
Nortriptyline
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2 mins
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Mechanism
High Potency Antipsychotic
Indications
Migraine
Schizophrenia
Side Effects
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Weight Gain
QT Prolongation
Restlessness
Considerations
Caution in Seizure Patients
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
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2 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
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2 mins
Vital Signs - Adult
Temperature (96.8-100.4 Degrees F) (36-38 Degrees C)
Rectal
Tympanic
Oral
Axillary
Temporal
Respiration (12-20)
Oxygen Saturation (95%-100%)
Pulse (60-100)
Blood Pressure (<120/80)
Pain
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2 mins
Arterial Ulcer Assessment
Absent or Decreased Pulses
Intermittent Claudication
Sharp Pain
Dependent Rubor
Well Defined Edges
Over Bony Areas
Smooth, Shiny Skin
Toes, Heels, Lateral Lower Legs
Cool
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2 mins
Arterial Ulcer Interventions
Saline Dressing
Structured Exercise Programs
Fibrinolytics
Antiplatelet Medication
No Caffeine, Nicotine
Surgery
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1 min
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Troponin
Measures
Cardiac Muscle Injury
Time Ranges
Detection in Blood: 4 Hours
Peak: 24 - 36 Hours
Return to Normal: 5 - 14 Days
Considerations
Most Specific for Cardiac Muscle
Treat Aggressively
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2 mins
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Myoglobin
Measures
Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Injury
Time Ranges
Onset: 1 - 4 Hours
Peak: 12 Hours
Return to Normal: 24 Hours
Considerations
Elevation After 24 Hours: Reinfarction
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2 mins
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Creatine Kinase CK-MB
Measures
Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Injury
Time Ranges
Onset: 4-8 Hours
Peak: 12-24 Hours
Return to Normal: 2-3 Days
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1 min
Cholesterol Lab Values
LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
< 100 mg/dL
HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
> 40 mg/dL Males
> 50 mg/dL Females
Total Cholesterol
< 200 mg/dL
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1 min
Troponin Lab Values
Troponin T (cTnT)
< 0.1 ng/mL Normal
Troponin I (cTnI)
< 0.5 ng/mL Normal
> 2.3 ng/mL Myocardial Injury
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2 mins
Triglycerides Lab Value
< 150 mg/dL
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51 secs
Cardiac Catheterization
Considerations
Fluttering Sensation
Contrast Media
NPO 6-12 Hours
After Procedure
Bed Rest
Assess Circulation
Assess for Bleeding
Monitor Vital Signs
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2 mins

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