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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020
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57 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Problems

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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

57 - Concepts of Care for Patients With Pituitary and Adrenal Gland Problems
21 Picmonics to Learn | 40 mins
Low Blood Pressure Response
Characteristics
Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin
Vasoconstriction
Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone
Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
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1 min
Anterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Hypothalamic Control
FLAT PeG Mnemonic
Tropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Direct Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
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2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
Direct Hormones
Vasopressin
Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
Oxytocin
Increased Uterine Contraction
Mammary Glands Contraction
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2 mins
Sheehan's Syndrome
Postpartum Pituitary Gland Necrosis
Agalactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Secondary Hypothyroidism with Cold Intolerance
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1 min
Acromegaly Assessment
Mechanism
Excess Growth Hormone (GH)
Signs and Symptoms
Protruding Jaw
Large Lips and Nose
Hearing Loss
Enlargement of Hands and Feet
Vision Changes and Headache
Joint Pain
Peripheral Neuropathy
Hyperglycemia
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2 mins
Parkinson's Drugs
Parkinsons Characteristics
Decreased Dopamine
Increased Acetylcholine
Drug Names
BALSA Acronym
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
Levodopa
Selegiline
Antimuscarinics
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2 mins
Diabetes Insipidus Assessment
Polyuria
Nocturia
Low Specific Gravity (USG)
Polydipsia
Dehydration
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Confusion
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2 mins
Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Pathophysiology
Hypersecretion of ADH
Increased Sensitivity to ADH
Signs & Symptoms
Serum Hypoosmolality
Coma and Seizure
Dilutional Hyponatremia
Cramps and Tremors
Euvolemia
Change in LOC
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2 mins
Hyponatremia
Assessment
< 135 mEq Na+
Nausea and Vomiting
Decreased LOC
Confusion / Lethargy
Seizures
Priority Interventions
Assess Airway
Reduce Diuretic Dosage
Fluid Excess Hyponatremia
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Fluid Restriction
Fluid Deficit Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)
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2 mins
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Nonpharmacologic Interventions
Monitor Serum and Urine Osmolality
IandOs with Daily Weights
Restrict Fluid Intake
Monitor Cardiovascular and Neurological Status
Seizure Precautions
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2 mins
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Pharmacologic Interventions
Diuretics
Hypertonic IV Fluids
Demeclocycline
Tolvaptan and Conivaptan
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1 min
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
Characteristics
Adrenal Cortex
RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
Cortisol Released
Androgens Released
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
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2 mins
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
Characteristics
Adrenal Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata
Cortisol
Zona Reticularis
Androgens
Adrenal Medulla
Chromaffin Cells
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
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2 mins
Addisonian Crisis
Assessment
Severe Symptoms
Shock
Interventions
High-Dose Hydrocortisone
Large Volumes of IV Fluid
Insulin with Dextrose
Kayexalate
Loop or Thiazide Diuretics
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2 mins
Hypoglycemia Intervention
Interventions
Mild to Moderate Hypoglycemia
Simple Carbohydrate (Oral Dextrose, Fruit Juice, Candies)
Complex Carbohydrate (Whole Grains, Vegetables)
Severe Hypoglycemia or Unconscious
50% Dextrose
Glucagon
Considerations
Monitor Blood Glucose Q 10-15 Minutes
Give Small Meal After Intervention
Patient Education
Hypoglycemia Prevention
Encourage Self-Monitoring
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3 mins
Addison's Disease Assessment
Assessment
Deficiency of Cortisol and Aldosterone
Irritability
Hyperkalemia
Muscle Weakness
Skin Hyperpigmentation
Hyponatremia
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
Addisonian Crisis
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2 mins
Addison's Disease Intervention
Drug Therapy
Hydrocortisone
2/3 Dose in Morning
1/3 Dose in Late Afternoon
Fludrocortisone
Androgen Replacement Therapy
Considerations
Salt Additives
Increase Dosage During Stress and Infection
Medic Alert Bracelet
Lifelong Hormone Therapy
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2 mins
Hyperkalemia
Assessment
> 5.0 mEq/L K+
Abdominal Cramps
Muscle Weakness
Diarrhea
Arrhythmia
Tall, Peaked T Waves
Interventions
IV Calcium
Infusion of Glucose and Insulin
Loop or Thiazide Diuretics
Kayexalate
Dialysis
Prevention Education
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2 mins
Cushing's Syndrome Assessment
Assessment
Increased Cortisol Levels
Truncal Obesity
Purple Abdominal Striae
Buffalo Hump
Decreased Bone Density
Moon Face
Thinning Skin
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Considerations
Long Term Glucocorticoid Use
Immunosuppression
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2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanisms
Inhibition of Aldosterone
Potassium Retention
Indications
Hypertension
Edema
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects
Consideration
Avoid Potassium Supplements
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2 mins
Pheochromocytoma
Cause/Mechanism
Adrenal Medulla Tumor
Increased Catecholamines
Assessment
Episodic Hypertension
Diaphoresis
Abdominal or Chest Pain
Interventions
Surgery
Antihypertensives
Phenoxybenzamine
Metyrosine (Demser)
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
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3 mins

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