Maternity and Women's Health Care, 12th Ed., Lowerdermilk, Perry, Cashion & Aldon, 2020 |  Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Mitral Stenosis
- Murmur Follows Opening Snap
 - Late Diastolic Murmur
 - Enhanced by Expiration
 - Low-Pitched Rumbling
 - Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
 - Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
 
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
 - Decrease cAMP
 - Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
 - Lower Blood Pressure
 - Decrease O2 Consumption
 - Decreases Mortality Post-MI
 
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
 - Bronchoconstriction
 - Metabolic
 - Decreased Insulin
 - Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
 - Eye
 - Reduces Intraocular Pressure
 
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
- Shower after Sex
 - Urinate after Sex
 - Wipe front to Back
 - I and Os with Daily Weights
 - Increase Water Intake
 - Antibiotics
 - Avoid Caffeine
 - Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
 - Void every 2 - 4 hours
 
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)
- Ferrous Salts
 - Anemia
 - GI Distress
 - Nausea and Vomiting
 - Dark Stools
 - Take Between Meals
 - Liquid can Stain Teeth
 - Keep out of Reach from Children
 - Caution with GI Disorders
 - Avoid Antacids
 
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- Increase Uterine Contractions
 - Labor Induction
 - Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
 - Uterine Rupture
 - Water Intoxication
 - Fetal Lung Immaturity
 - Cervix Not Ripened
 - Active Genital Herpes Infection
 - Use Lowest Dose
 - IV Pump
 
PT/PTT Lab Values
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
 - 10-14 seconds
 - Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT or aPTT)
 - 25-35 seconds
 
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
 - Angina Pectoris
 - Arrhythmias
 - Essential Hypertension
 - Bradycardia
 - Hypotension
 - Constipation
 - Peripheral Edema
 - Gingival Hyperplasia
 - Medication Education
 
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
 - Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
 - Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
 - Decreases Renin Release
 - Hypertension
 - Heart Failure
 - Angina Pectoris
 - Asthma and Heart Block Patients
 - Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
 - Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
 - Do Not Stop Abruptly
 
Mitral Regurgitation
- Holosystolic
 - Blowing Murmur
 - Loudest at Apex
 - Radiates toward Axilla
 - Louder by Squatting
 - Hand Grip
 - Expiration
 
Pregnant Cardiac Patient Assessment
- Cardiac Decompensation
 - Frequent Cough
 - Dyspnea
 - Palpitations
 - Excessive Fatigue
 - Pulse > 100 bpm
 - Crackles
 
Aortic Stenosis
- Age-related Calcifications
 - Bicuspid Aortic Valve
 - Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
 - Systolic Murmur
 - Ejection Murmur
 - Ejection Click
 - Radiates to Carotids and Apex
 - Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
 - Syncope
 - Helmet Cells
 
Endocarditis Assessment
- Infection of Inner Layer and Valves
 - Fever
 - Fatigue
 - New or Changed Murmurs
 - Roth's Spots
 - Splinter Hemorrhages
 - Janeway Lesions
 - Osler's Nodes
 - Heart Failure
 - Embolization
 
Endocarditis Interventions
- IV Antibiotics
 - 4-6 Weeks
 - Anticoagulants
 - Good Hygiene
 - Closely Monitor
 - Antibiotic Prophylaxis
 - Dental Procedures
 - Invasive Procedures
 
INR Lab Value
- 0.8-1.2 Normal Range
 - Warfarin
 - 2.0-3.0
 
Heart Failure Interventions
- Echocardiogram
 - Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
 - High Fowler's Position
 - Oxygen
 - Advanced Airway
 - Diuretics
 - Beta Blockers
 - Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
 - ACE Inhibitors
 - Digoxin (Lanoxin)
 - Pacemaker
 
Pregnant Cardiac Patient Interventions
- Monitor for Cardiac Decompensation
 - Stool Softener
 - Calcium Channel Blockers
 - ECG Monitor
 - Open Glottis Pushing
 - Pulmonary Artery Catheter
 - No Beta-Adrenergic Medications
 - Penicillin Prophylaxis
 - Stress on Heart
 
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- "-pril" Suffix
 - Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
 - Hypertension
 - Heart Failure
 - Dry Non-productive Cough
 - Hypotension
 - Dizziness
 - Possible Hyperkalemia
 - Angioedema
 - Slowly Change Position
 - Do Not Stop Abruptly
 
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Increases Inotropy
 - Heart Failure
 - Atrial Fibrillation
 - Bradycardia
 - Fatigue
 - Heart Block
 - Heart Rate Below 60
 - Hypokalemia
 - Monitor for Toxicity and Visual Changes
 - Digibind
 
Lidocaine
- Blocks Na+ Channels
 - Ventricular Arrhythmia
 - Anesthetic
 - Paresthesias
 - Seizures
 - Respiratory Depression
 - Drowsiness
 - Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
 
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
- Venous and Arterial Dilation
 - Hypertensive Crisis
 - Cyanide Toxicity
 - Thiocyanate Toxicity
 - Hypotension
 - Short Term Administration
 - Light Sensitive, Use Container
 - Continuous BP Monitoring
 
Heparin (Unfractionated)
- Suppresses Coagulation
 - Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
 - Pulmonary Embolism
 - Hemorrhage
 - Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
 - Monitor aPTT
 - Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy
 - Protamine Sulfate
 
Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
 - Atrial Fibrillation
 - Venous Thrombosis
 - Pulmonary Embolism
 - PT/INR Levels
 - Observe for Bleeding
 - Pregnancy
 - Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma
 - Prolonged Therapeutic Onset
 - Maintain Same Diet
 
Methylergonovine (Methergine) and Ergotamine (Ergot Alkaloids)
- Smooth Muscle Contraction
 - Vasoconstriction
 - Migraine
 - Postpartum Hemorrhage
 - Nausea and Vomiting
 - Severe Hypertension
 - Tachycardia
 - 2nd Line Agent
 
Terbutaline (Brethine)
- Beta-2 Agonists
 - Asthma
 - Tocolytic
 - Tremor
 - Tachycardia
 - Pulmonary Edema
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hyperglycemia
 
Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
- Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
 - Sickle Shaped RBCs
 - Jaundice
 - Vaso Occlusive Crisis
 - Fever
 - Priapism
 - Severe Pain
 - Prominent in African Americans
 - May be Asymptomatic
 - Increased Risk of Infection
 
Sickle Cell Anemia Interventions
- Increase Hydration
 - Analgesics
 - Oxygen
 - Warm Compress
 - Bone Marrow Transplant
 - Hydroxyurea
 - Avoid High Altitudes
 - Prophylactic Antibiotics
 - Avoid Strenuous Exercise
 - Vaccines
 
Asthma Assessment
- Triggers (Cold air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
 - Shortness of Breath (SOB)
 - Tachypnea and Tachycardia
 - Wheezing
 - Diaphoresis
 - Accessory Muscles
 - Decreased Pulmonary Function Tests
 
Asthma Implementation and Education
- Oxygen
 - Corticosteroids
 - Ipratropium (Anticholinergic)
 - Albuterol
 - Inhaler/nebulizer
 - Pulse Oximetry
 - Pursed Lip Breathing
 - Carry Inhaler
 - Rinse Mouth after Inhaler
 - Identify Trigger (Cold Air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
 
Cystic Fibrosis Assessment
- Thickened Mucus
 - Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
 - Pulmonary Congestion
 - Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Steatorrhea
 - Fat-Soluble Vitamin Deficiencies
 - Salty Taste to Skin
 - Meconium Ileus
 - Delayed Growth and Poor Weight Gain
 
Cystic Fibrosis Interventions
- Bronchodilators
 - N-Acetylcysteine (Mucolytics)
 - Inhaled Hypertonic Saline
 - Early Antibiotics
 - Dornase Alfa (Mucolytic Agent)
 - Postural Drainage with Percussion
 - Fat Soluble Vitamin Supplements
 - Pancreatic Enzymes with Every Meal
 - High Protein, High Calorie Diet
 - Added Dietary Salt
 - Glucose Monitoring
 
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
- Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
 - Restlessness
 - Dyspnea
 - Refractory Hypoxemia
 - Decreased PaO2
 - Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates
 - Atelectasis
 - Pulmonary Hypertension
 
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
- Closely Monitor Patient
 - ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases)
 - Oxygen
 - Assess for O2 Toxicity
 - Mechanical Ventilation
 - PEEP
 - Assess for Pneumothorax
 - Permissive Hypercapnia
 - High Mortality Rate
 
Seizure Interventions
- Maintain Airway
 - Side-lying Position
 - Support Head
 - Move to Floor
 - Benzodiazepines
 - Never Restrain
 - No Objects in Mouth
 - Document Details
 
Seizure Precautions
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
 - Identify Triggers
 - Aura
 - Pad Side Rails
 - Bed Lowest Position
 - Oxygen and Suction Available
 - Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
 
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- Inactivates Na+ Channels
 - Seizures
 - Bipolar Disorder
 - Trigeminal Neuralgia
 - Nystagmus
 - Ataxia
 - Hepatotoxicity
 - Blood Dyscrasias
 - Water Retention
 - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
 - Avoid Grapefruit Juice
 
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Barbiturate
 - Seizures
 - Ataxia
 - Paradoxical Excitement
 - Fatigue/Drowsiness
 - Monitor Plasma Levels
 - High Potential for Abuse
 
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Blocks Na+ Channels
 - Tonic-clonic Seizures
 - Ataxia
 - Nystagmus
 - Sedation
 - Gingival Hyperplasia
 - Purple Glove Syndrome
 - Hirsutism
 - Rash
 - Anemia
 - Individualized Dosing
 
Valproic Acid (Depakote)
- Blocks Na+ Channels
 - Increases GABA Concentration
 - Tonic-clonic Seizures
 - Bipolar Disorder
 - Migraine Prophylaxis
 - Hepatotoxicity
 - Blood Dyscrasias
 - GI Distress
 - Tremor
 - Pancreatitis
 
Multiple Sclerosis Assessment
- Nerve Fiber Demyelination
 - Motor Issues
 - Cerebellar Signs
 - Fatigue
 - Paresthesias
 - Spasticity
 - Urinary Incontinence
 - Optic Neuritis
 - Women Between 20-50 Years Old
 - Relapse and Remission of Symptoms
 
Multiple Sclerosis Interventions
- Corticosteroids
 - Interferon Beta
 - Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)
 - Fingolimod (Gilenya)
 - Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
 - Natalizumab (Tysabri)
 - Increase Exercise
 - Identify Triggers
 
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
- Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
 - Malar Rash
 - Discoid Rash
 - Arrhythmias
 - Arthritis
 - Hemolytic Anemia
 - Seizures
 - Glomerulonephritis
 - Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
 - Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
 
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Interventions
- Avoid Sunlight
 - Glucocorticoids
 - Methotrexate
 - NSAIDs
 - Hydroxychloroquine
 - Azathioprine
 - Monitor for Renal Failure (ARF)
 - Manage Pain
 
Myasthenia Gravis Assessment
- Weakness with Muscle Use
 - Diplopia
 - Ptosis
 - Dysphagia
 - Difficulty Speaking
 - Fatigue
 - Cholinergic Crisis
 - Overmedicated
 - Myasthenic Crisis
 - Not Enough Medication
 - Respiratory Muscle Paralysis
 
Cholecystitis Assessment
- RUQ Pain
 - Referred Shoulder Pain
 - Clay Colored Stools
 - Jaundice
 - Nausea and Vomiting
 - Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
 - Fever
 - Increased WBCs
 - Fatty or Spicy Foods
 - Ultrasound
 
Cholecystitis Causes
- Gallbladder Inflammation
 - Female
 - Fair (Caucasian)
 - Fat (Obese)
 - Fertile (Pregnant)
 - Forty (Advanced Age Over 40)
 - Flatulence
 
Cholecystitis Interventions
- Supportive Therapy
 - Antibiotics
 - Low Fat Diet
 - NG Tube
 - Analgesics
 - Lithotripsy
 - Cholecystectomy
 - T Tube
 
Pyelonephritis Assessment
- Ascending Urethral Bacteria
 - Dysuria
 - Fever
 - Fatigue
 - Flank Pain
 - Costovertebral Tenderness
 - Nausea and Vomiting
 
Pyelonephritis Interventions
- Urinalysis
 - NSAIDs
 - Antibiotics
 - Increase Fluid Intake
 - Avoid Catheterization
 - Urosepsis