Fundamentals of Nursing, 11 Ed., Potter, Perry, Stockert & Hall, 2022 |  Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Crohn's Disease Assessment
- Diarrhea
 - 5-6 per day
 - Cramping Abdominal Pain
 - Fever
 - Weight Loss
 - Malabsorption
 - Anemia
 - Obstruction
 - Fistulas
 
Ulcerative Colitis Assessment
- Cramping Abdominal Pain
 - Tenesmus
 - Bloody Diarrhea
 - Up to 10-20 / Day
 - Fever
 - Hemorrhage
 
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Assessment
- Outpouching
 - Inflamed Diverticula
 - Abdominal Pain
 - Abdominal Distention
 - Flatulence
 - Fever
 - Rectal Bleeding
 - Alternating Constipation and Diarrhea
 - Peritonitis
 
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Interventions
- High Fiber Diet
 - Reduce Intra-abdominal Pressure
 - Stool Softeners
 - Exercise
 - Anticholinergics
 - Antibiotics
 - Bowel Resection
 
Peptic Ulcer Disease Assessment
- Helicobacter Pylori
 - NSAIDs
 - Increased Stomach Acid
 - Abdominal Pain
 - Heartburn (Pyrosis)
 - Melena
 - Weight Changes
 - GI Distress
 - Most Commonly in Duodenum
 - Duodenal: Pain Relieved by Eating
 - Gastric: Pain Caused by Eating
 
Peptic Ulcer Disease Interventions
- Combination Drug Therapy
 - Two Antibiotics
 - Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
 - Decrease Acid Secretion
 - Avoid NSAIDs
 - Diet and Lifestyle Changes
 
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
- Adhesions
 - Hernia
 - Volvulus
 - Intussusception
 - Tumor
 - Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
 - Spinal Injury
 - Paralytic Ileus
 
Intestinal Obstruction
- Severe Abdominal Pain
 - Vomiting
 - High Pitched Bowel Sounds
 - Abdominal Distention
 - Increased Peristalsis
 - Absent Bowel Sounds
 - Paralytic Ileus
 
Intussusception
- Telescoping of Bowel Segments
 - Lead Point
 - Episodic Abdominal Pain
 - Diarrhea
 - Sausage-Shaped Mass
 - Red Currant Jelly Stools
 - Ultrasound/CT
 - Target Sign
 - More Common in Children
 - Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
 - Air or Hydrostatic Enema
 - Surgical Reduction
 
Imperforate Anus
- Congenital Anorectal Malformation
 - No Anal Opening
 - Absence of Meconium
 - Gradual Increase in Abdominal Distention
 - Surgical Repair
 - Bowel Management
 
Celiac Disease
- Intestinal Mucosa Damage
 - Ingestion Wheat, Barley, Rye
 - GI Distress
 - Steatorrhea
 - Weight Loss
 - Dermatitis Herpetiformis
 - Gluten-free Diet
 - Screening
 
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
- Gram-Positive
 - Bacillus
 - Anaerobe
 - Clindamycin and Ampicillin
 - Toxin A Enterotoxin
 - Damages Brush Border of Gut
 - Toxin B Cytotoxin
 - Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
 - Diarrhea
 - Pseudomembranous Colitis
 - Toxic Megacolon
 - Detect Toxins in Stool
 - Metronidazole
 - Vancomycin
 
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile) Treatments
- Oral Vancomycin
 - Fidaxomicin
 - Metronidazole
 - Stool Transplant
 
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Assessment
- Abdominal Pain
 - Relieved by Defecation
 - Alternating Diarrhea and Constipation
 - Fatigue
 - Excessive Flatulence
 - Sensation of Incomplete Evacuation
 - Stressors
 - Food Intolerances
 - More Common in Women
 - Rule Out Other Disorders
 
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Interventions
- Identify Triggers
 - Increase Fiber Intake
 - Probiotics
 - Anticholinergics
 - Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
 - Loperamide
 - Linaclotide
 - Tegaserod (Zelnorm)
 - Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
 - Alosetron (Lotronex)
 
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
- 3rd Most Common Cancer
 - Change in Bowel Habits
 - Bowel Obstruction
 - Rectal Bleeding
 - Anemia
 - Weight Loss
 - Ascites
 - Colonoscopy
 - FOBT and FIT
 
Colorectal Cancer Interventions
- Surgical Colon Resection
 - Radiation
 - Chemotherapy
 - Bowel Cleansing
 - Screening
 - Colostomy
 - Dietary Consult
 - Body Image
 
Colostomy Care
- Wash with Warm Water
 - Cut 1/8 inch Around Stoma
 - Decreases Skin Irritation
 - Empty When 1/3 to 1/2 Full
 - Change 3-7 Days
 - Avoid Odor Causing Foods
 - Irrigate at Same Time
 
Enema Administration
- Tap Water/Soapsuds
 - Normal Saline
 - Hypertonic Solution
 - Medication
 - Oil Retention
 - Procedure Education
 - Wear PPE
 - Put Patient in Sims Position
 - Insert Tip
 - Start Flow Slowly
 - Stop With Discomfort
 - Potential for Vagus Response