Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 15th Ed., Hinkle & Cheever | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Creatine Kinase CK-MB
- Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Injury
- Onset: 4-8 Hours
- Peak: 12-24 Hours
- Return to Normal: 2-3 Days
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Myoglobin
- Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Injury
- Onset: 1 - 4 Hours
- Peak: 12 Hours
- Return to Normal: 24 Hours
- Elevation After 24 Hours: Reinfarction
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Troponin
- Cardiac Muscle Injury
- Detection in Blood: 4 Hours
- Peak: 24 - 36 Hours
- Return to Normal: 5 - 14 Days
- Most Specific for Cardiac Muscle
- Treat Aggressively
Cholesterol Lab Values
- LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
- < 100 mg/dL
- HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
- > 40 mg/dL Males
- > 50 mg/dL Females
- Total Cholesterol
- < 200 mg/dL
Troponin Lab Values
- Troponin T (cTnT)
- < 0.1 ng/mL Normal
- Troponin I (cTnI)
- < 0.5 ng/mL Normal
- > 2.3 ng/mL Myocardial Injury
Therapeutic Diets
- High Fiber
- Low Residue (Fiber)
- Low Sodium
- Low Cholesterol
- Diabetic
- Renal
- Dysphagia
- Diet Education
Heart Failure Interventions
- Echocardiogram
- Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
- High Fowler's Position
- Oxygen
- Advanced Airway
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- ACE Inhibitors
- Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Pacemaker
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis
- 12 Lead ECG
- ST Elevation
- Q Wave
- T Wave Inversion
- Troponin T and I
- CK-MB
- Early ECG
- Cardiac Stress Test
Myocardial Infarction Interventions
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- Nitrates
- Aspirin
- Thrombolytics (tPA)
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Stent Placement
- Angioplasty
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors
- Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual)
Stable Angina
- Chest Pain with Exertion
- Relieved within 15 Minutes
- ST Depression
- Nitroglycerin
- Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes
- Rest
- Antiplatelet Medication
- CABG
- Angioplasty
Unstable Angina
- Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion
- Limits ADLs
- > 15 Minutes
- Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin
- ST Depression
- Fatigue
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment
- Emergency Treatment
Alteplase
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Thrombosis
- Bleeding
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhaging
- Minimize Bleeding
- Monitor for Shock
- Aminocaproic Acid
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
- NSAID
- Thrombotic Event Prevention
- General Pain
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Fever
- Pancytopenia
- GI Ulcers
- Bleeding
- Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
- Reye's Syndrome
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- -statin Suffix
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- High Cholesterol
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rash
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myopathy
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
- Administer at Bedtime
- Avoid Grapefruit
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Bile Acid Resins
- Hyperlipidemia
- Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented
- Decrease LDL
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colesevelam (Welchol)
- GI Distress
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins
Nitroglycerin
- Decreases Preload
- Angina
- Up to 3 doses q 5 mins
- Headache
- Hypotension
- Viagra (Sildenafil)
- Assess Blood Pressure
- Protect From Light
- Use Glass Bottle and Special Tubing
- Gloves for Applying Topically
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL
- Dyslipidemia
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Flushing
- GI Distress
- Hepatotoxicity
Coronary Arteries
- Aortic Root
- Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
- Right (Acute) Marginal Artery
- Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
- Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
- Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
- Circumflex Artery
- Left Marginal Artery
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL