Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
- Bimodal Age Distribution
- Painless Vaginal Bleeding
- Amenorrhea
- Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding)
- Metrorrhagia (Bleeding Between Menses)
- Balloon Thermotherapy
- Hormone Medications
- Dilation and Curettage (DandC)
- Monitor for Anemia
Menopause Lab Findings
- Decreased Estrogen
- Lack of Negative Feedback
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Increased GnRH
- Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
- Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
Leuprolide
- GnRH Agonist (Pulsatile Use)
- GnRH Antagonist (Continuous Use)
- Upregulates FSH And LH
- Downregulates FSH And LH
- Infertility
- Prostate Cancer
- Precocious Puberty
- Uterine Fibroids
- Endometriosis
- Anti-androgenic Effects
Endometriosis
- Endometrial Tissue Outside Uterus
- Retrograde Menstrual Flow
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Irregular Vaginal Bleeding
- Pain with Defecation
- Dyspareunia
- Medications to Decrease Ovulation
- NSAIDs
- Surgery
Stress Incontinence
- Urine Leak with Movement
- Cough or Sneeze
- Increased Intra-abdominal pressure
- Laxity of Pelvic Floor Muscles
- Urethral Sphincter Insufficiency
- Kegel Exercises
- Pessaries
- Alpha-adrenergic Agonists
- Surgery
- History of Vaginal Birth
- Cystocele
Female Reproductive System Assessment
- Past Genitourinary and Gynecological History
- Current and Past Medication Use
- Urine Collection and Characteristics
- Inspect External Genitalia
- Palpate External Genitalia
- Inspect Internal Genitalia Using Lubricated Speculum
- Examine Vaginal Wall for Color, Texture, and Integrity
- Examine Cervix for Color, Position, Size, Shape, Mucosal Integrity and Discharge
- Palpate Internal Genitalia
- Note Abnormal Findings
Enema Administration
- Tap Water/Soapsuds
- Normal Saline
- Hypertonic Solution
- Medication
- Oil Retention
- Procedure Education
- Wear PPE
- Put Patient in Sims Position
- Insert Tip
- Start Flow Slowly
- Stop With Discomfort
- Potential for Vagus Response
Cervical Cancer Assessment
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Metrorrhagia
- Leukorrhea
- Pain
- Abnormal Pap Test
- May Be Asymptomatic
- HPV Vaccine
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Non-enveloped
- Circular
- Double Stranded DNA
- Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
- Condyloma acuminata
- Type 16, 18
- Cervical Carcinoma
- Penile Carcinoma
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Worsened by Smoking
- Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
- Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
- Vaccine Available
Cervical Cancer Screening
- Women Aged 21-65 Years
- Pap Smear Every 3 Years
- Women Aged 30-65 Years
- Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
- Identify Lesions
- Cryotherapy
- Loop Excision
- Cold Knife Conization
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
Breast Cancer Interventions
- Radiation or Chemotherapy
- Hormonal Therapy
- Tamoxifen
- Lumpectomy
- Mastectomy
- Avoid BP and Injections Affected Arm
- Hand Exercises
- Grief Related to Body Image
- Prosthetics
- Reconstruction
- Lymphedema
Tamoxifen
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
- Antagonist on Breast Tissue
- ER-positive Breast Cancer
- Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
- Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
Testicular Carcinoma Assessment
- Seminoma Germ Cells
- Non-Seminoma Germ Cells
- Painless Scrotal Mass
- Testicular Swelling
- Acute Pain Rare
- Elevated Serum Tumor Markers
- Males Between 15-35 Years Old
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular Self Exam
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy
Prostate Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Screening Test if Suspicious
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Peripheral Zone
- African American
- Advanced Age
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Terminal Hematuria
- Urinary Retention or Incontinence
- Lower Back Pain
Neomycin Sulfate
- Aminoglycoside Antibiotic
- Topical Infection
- Intestinal Surgery Prophylaxis
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Rash
- Blood Dyscrasias
- GI Superinfection
Chlamydia trachomatis
- A to C
- Trachoma
- Follicular Conjunctivitis
- Blindness
- Africa
- L1 to 3
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
- Buboes
- Genital Ulcer
- D to K
- Urethritis and PID
- Neonatal Pneumonia
- Staccato Cough
- Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Chlamydia
- Chlamydia trachomatis
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Dysuria
- Epididymitis
- Discharge
- Dyspareunia
- Doxycycline
- Azithromycin
- No Intercourse for 1 Week
- Treat Partners
Chlamydia Characteristics
- Cannot Make ATP
- Elementary body infects
- Intraepithelial
- Reticulate Body Replicates
- Cell Wall Lacks Muramic Acid
- Giemsa Stain
- Inclusion Bodies
- Azithromycin (Preferred)
- Doxycycline
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Disease
- Dysuria
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
- Neonatal Conjunctivitis
- Pharyngitis
- Septic Arthritis
- Tenosynovitis
- Pustules On Hands And Feet
- Ceftriaxone
- Azithromycin
- Doxycycline
- C5-9 Complement Deficiency (Recurrent Infections)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Characteristics
- Gram Negative
- Diplococci
- Chocolate Agar
- Thayer-Martin Media
- VPN
- Oxidase Positive
- Glucose Fermenting
- Pilus
- Opa Surface Protein
- Rapid Antigenic Variation
- IgA Protease
Gonorrhea
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Dysuria
- Yellowish-Green Discharge
- Increased Urinary Frequency
- Women Often Asymptomatic
- Ceftriaxone (IM)
- Doxycycline
- Azithromycin
- Treat Partners
Genital Herpes
- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV)
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Oral or Genital Lesions
- Vesicles in Clusters
- Pain
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Acyclovir
- Valacyclovir
- Famciclovir
- Infectious During Recurrences
Genital Warts - Condylomata Acuminata
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Papillary Cauliflower Like Growths
- Bleeding
- Vaginal Discharge
- Wart Removal
- Trichloroacetic acid (TCA)
- Podophyllin resin
- Cryotherapy
- HPV Vaccine
- Cervical Cancer
Syphilis
- Treponema pallidum
- Painless Chancre
- Rash on Palms and Soles
- (Generalized) Lymphadenopathy
- Condylomata Lata
- Asymptomatic
- Aortitis
- Neurosyphilis
- Gummas
- Penicillin
- Jarisch-Herxheimer Rash
Candida Albicans
- Fungi
- Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
- Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
- Pruritic Vaginitis
- White Cottage Cheese Discharge
- Fiery Red Mucosa
- Diabetics
- Antibiotic Use
- Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
- Diaper Rash
- Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Linear
- Type 1 HSV
- Gingivostomatitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
- Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
- Type 2 HSV
- Genital Vesicles
- Neonatal Herpes
- TORCHES
- Latent in Sacral Ganglia
- Tzanck Test
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Cowdry A Inclusions
- Acyclovir
TORCHeS Screening
- Toxoplasmosis
- Other
- Rubella
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Syphilis
- Diagnostic Testing
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Protozoa
- Vaginitis
- Pruritus
- Foul-smelling Greenish Frothy Discharge
- Strawberry Cervix
- Corkscrew Motility on Wet Prep
- Metronidazole
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Assessment
- Untreated Cervicitis
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Dysuria
- Vaginal Discharge with Odor
- Fever
- Dyspareunia
- Lower Abdominal Pain
- Spotting
- Cervical Motion Tenderness
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Interventions
- Antibiotics
- No Intercourse for 3 Weeks
- Semi-Fowler's Position
- Analgesics
- Monitor Temperature
- Treat Partners
Contraception
- Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
- Spermicides
- Diaphragm
- Cervical Cap
- Contraceptive Sponge
- Male Condom
- Oral Contraceptive
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Injectable Progestins
Penicillin
- Weakens Cell Wall
- Gram-Positive Infections
- Prophylaxis
- Pain at IM Injection Site
- Allergic Reaction
- Skin Tests
- Allergy ID
- Medication Education
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Guanosine Analog
- Inhibits Viral Replication
- Thymidine Kinase Activation
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Headache
- GI Distress
- CNS Toxicity
- Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
- Prevents Recurrent Episodes
- Slow IV Infusion
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
- RNA Retrovirus
- CD4+ Helper T Cells
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Lymphadenopathy
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- White Spots on Tongue
- Persistent Fever
- Night Sweats
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
- HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
- HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
- Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
- Viral Load
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
- Primary Infection
- Within 3 Weeks
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Stage
- Years
- Symptomatic Stage
- CD4+ < 500
- AIDS
- Opportunistic Infections
- CD4+ < 200
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
- Adequate Nutrition
- Small Frequent Meals
- IV Hydration
- Emotional Support
- HAART
- Transmission Education
- Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
- Treat Opportunistic Infections