Ace Your Nervous System Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medical (MD/DO) Students
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Involuntary Flailing Movements on One Side of Body
Upper and Lower Extremities Move Together
May Affect Facial Muscles
Worsened by Activity, Improved at Rest
Causes
Dysfunction of Basal Ganglia
Contralateral Subthalamic Nucleus
Stroke is the Most Common Cause
Trauma
Neoplasm
Treatment
Dopamine Blockers
4 mins
Essential Tremor
Epidemiology
Most Common Tremor in Adults
Often Familial
Clinical Manifestations
Typically Affects Bilateral Upper Extremities
More Apparent When Holding Fixed Posture
More Apparent With Goal-Directed Movements Such as Using Eating Utensils
Less Apparent With Relaxation and Alcohol
Management
Beta Blockers
3 mins
Rett Syndrome
Pathogenesis
Sporadic Neurological Disorder
De Novo Mutation of MECP2 on X Chromosome
RISK FACTORS & SYMPTOMS
Seen Almost Exclusively In Girls
Affected Males Die in Utero or Shortly After Birth
Symptoms Usually Appear Between Ages 1-4
Developmental Regression
Motor Impairment
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Loss of Verbal Abilities
Seizure
Stereotyped Hand Wringing
Decelerated Head Growth (Microcephaly)
Breathing Problems
Ataxia
5 mins
Intention Tremor
More Apparent With Goal-Directed Movements Such as Using Eating Utensils
High-Amplitude, Low-Frequency
More Apparent as Extremity Approaches Target
Overshooting and Undershooting
Pathogenesis
Ipsilateral Cerebellar Damage
Diagnosis
Neurologic Exam
MRI
Treatment
Physical or Occupational Therapy
3 mins
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
CN V (Trigeminal Nerve)
Characteristics
Stabbing Unilateral Facial Pain
Trigger Zones
Psychological Disturbances
Bizarre Facial Movements
More Common in Women
Classification
Classical
Secondary
Idiopathic
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
MRI
Treatment
Carbamazepine
Surgery As Last Resort
4 mins
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
Pathophysiology
Misfolded Prion Protein
Spongiform Encephalopathy
Subtypes
Sporadic Type
Familial Type
Variant Type
Iatrogenic Type
Clinical Manifestations
Rapidly Progressive
Dementia
Ataxia
Myoclonus
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Increased Levels of 14-3-3 Protein
Periodic Sharp Waves On EEG
Management
Supportive Care
4 mins
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
Pathophysiology
Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy
Autosomal Dominant
PMP22 Duplication
Schwann Cell Dysfunction
Clinical Features
Distal Muscle Weakness
Foot Drop
Calf Muscle Atrophy
Scoliosis
Hammertoes
Pes Cavus
Diagnosis
Onion-skin Appearance on Nerve Biopsy
Electrodiagnostic Studies
5 mins
Chorea and Athetosis
Characteristics
Sudden Jerky Movements
Athetosis
Snake-like, Writhing Movements
Basal Ganglia Lesions
Associations
Huntington's Disease
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Management
Treat Underlying Disorder
Tetrabenazine
1 min
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