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Gastrointestinal System | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Gastrointestinal Basics
13 Picmonics to Learn | 22 mins
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GI Absorption
- Stomach
- Alcohol
- Duodenum
- Iron
- Jejunum
- Folate
- Terminal Ileum
- Vitamin B12
- Bile Resorption
1 min
Oral Cavity
- Characteristics
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion
- Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
- Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
- Esophagus
- Bolus
- Peristalsis
1 min
Stomach Digestion
- Characteristics
- Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
- Protein Breakdown Begins
- Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
- G Cells Secrete Gastrin
- Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
- Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
2 mins
Small Intestine Absorption
- Characteristics
- Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
- Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
- Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
- Epithelial Cells
- Intestinal Capillaries
- Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
- Liver
- Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
- Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
- Brush border enzymes
- Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
- Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
- Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
- Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
- Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
- Gallbladder Releases Bile
- Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
- Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
- Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
2 mins
Large Intestine
- Characteristics
- Colon
- Electrolyte Reabsorption
- Water Reabsorption
- Microflora Produce Vitamins
- Rectum Stores Feces
1 min
Midgut Blood Supply and Innervation
- Distal Duodenum
- Ligament of Treitz
- To the Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
- Supply
- Vagus Nerve
- Superior Mesenteric Artery
2 mins
Inguinal Canal
- 2MALT
- 2 Muscles Form the Roof
- Internal Oblique
- Transverse Abdominus Muscle
- 2 Aponeuroses Form the Anterior Wall
- External and Internal Abdominal Oblique Aponeuroses
- 2 Ligaments Form Floor
- Lacunar Ligament
- Inguinal Ligament
- 2 T's Form the Posterior Wall
- Transversalis Fascia
- Conjoint Tendon
- Deep Ring is Defect in Transversalis Fascia
- Superficial Ring is Formed by Defect in the External Abdominal Oblique Aponeurosis
2 mins
Foregut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation
- Structures
- Esophagus
- Lower Respiratory Tract
- Stomach
- Proximal Duodenum
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Spleen
- Vascular Supply
- Celiac Artery
- Innervation
- Vagus Nerve
2 mins
Hindgut Blood Supply and Innervation
- Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
- Upper Rectum
- Pectinate Line
- Inferior Mesenteric Artery
- Pelvic Plexus
2 mins
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Secreted by I Cells
- Duodenum and Jejunum
- Physiology
- Increase Pancreatic Secretions
- Increase Gallbladder Contraction
- Induce Relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi
- Decrease Gastric Emptying
- Regulation
- Increased by Fatty Acids and Amino Acids
1 min
Bilirubin Metabolism Overview
- Blood
- Unconjugated Bilirubin
- Bound to Albumin
- Heme
- Red Blood Cells
- Macrophages
- Liver
- Conjugated Bilirubin
- Secreted into Bile
- Bowel
- Urobilinogen
- Eliminated in Feces
- Eliminated in Urine
- Enterohepatic Circulation
3 mins
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