Medicine

Courses

Body Systems

Books

USMLE Step 1

USMLE Step 2

Hypercholesterolemia Disease

Risk Factors

Diabetes

Which of the following conditions or diseases is best associated with hypercholesterolemia?

Smoking

Which of the following populations is at highest risk to develop hypercholesterolemia and vascular disease?

Family History

Which of the following aspects of medical history and/or physical exam is most relevant to evaluate the risk of hypercholesterolemia?

Hypertension

HDL < 40

Which of the following lab value parameters is best considered a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia?

Men Older than 45 Years of Age

In men, which of the following age groups is most likely affected by hypercholesterolemia?

Women Older than 55 Years of Age

In women, which of the following age groups are at higher risk to develop hypercholesterolemia?

Signs and Symptoms

Atheromas

Which of the following findings is most commonly seen in patients with hypercholesterolemia?

Plaques in Blood Vessel Walls

Which of the following microscopic findings prevents the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen to vital organs in patients with hypercholesterolemia?

Tissue Ischemia

If atherosclerotic plaques are left untreated, which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in patients with hypercholesterolemia?

Xanthomas

During inspection of the skin, which of the following physical findings is most likely to be seen in patients with hypercholesterolemia?

Lipemia Retinalis

During a fundoscopic eye exam, which of the following findings is most likely found in patients with hypercholesterolemia?

Hypercholesterolemia Risk Stratification

0 - 1 Risk Factors

An LDL goal of <160 mg/dL is most appropriate for patients with how many coronary artery disease risk factors?

< 160 mg/dl LDL goal

Which LDL goal is most appropriate for patients with one or less coronary artery disease risk factors?

greater or equal to 2 Risk Factors and 10-year Risk &le; 20%

An LDL goal of <130 mg/dL is most appropriate for which group of patients regarding their coronary artery disease risk factors?

< 130 mg/dL LDL Goal

Which LDL goal is most appropriate for patients with two or more coronary artery disease risk factors and a 10 year event risk of < 20%?

Coronary Heart Disease OR >/= to 2 Risk Factors AND 10-Year Risk > 20%

An LDL goal of <100 mg/dL is most appropriate for which group of patients regarding their coronary artery disease risk factors?

< 100 mg/dL LDL Goal

Which LDL goal is most appropriate for patients with established coronary heart disease, or 2+ coronary artery disease risk factors and a 10 year event risk of >20%?

Hypercholesterolemia Treatment

Lifestyle Modifications  (Diet, Exercise, Smoking Cessation)

What is most likely a recommendation for hypercholesterolemia treatment?

Statins

Which medication works by inhibiting HMG CoA reductase?

Niacin

Which medication works by inhibiting hormone-sensitive lipase?

Ezetimibe

Which medication functions at the intestinal brush border to prevent cholesterol absorption into systemic circulation?

Fibrates

Which medication works by upregulating lipoprotein lipase?

Bile Acid Resins

Which medication works by binding bile acids?

Screening

Men greater or equal to 35 Years Old (20-35 if at increased risk)

Which represents a hypercholesterolemia screening guideline?

Women greater or equal to 45 Years Old (20-45 if at increased risk)

Hyperchylomicronemia (Type I Familial Dyslipidemia)

Autosomal Recessive

What is the inheritance pattern of Hyperchylomicronemia?

Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency (LPL)

What enzyme is deficient in Hyperchylomicronemia?

Altered Apolipoprotein C-II (Apo C-II)

Which apolipoprotein is altered in Hyperchylomicronemia?

Increased Chylomicrons

Which one of these is increased in Hyperchylomicronemia?

Increased Triglycerides

Increased Cholesterol

Pancreatitis

What disease can be seen in patients with Hyperchylomicronemia?

Hepatosplenomegaly

Which one of these is a clinical finding in patients with Hyperchylomicronemia?

Eruptive/Pruritic Xanthomas

What dermatological finding can be found in patients with Hyperchylomicronemia?

Milky White Appearance of Blood When Drawn

What is the appearance of a patient's blood when drawn?

INHERITANCE

PATHOGENESIS

Lab Findings

Symptoms/Findings

No Increased Risk for Atherosclerosis

Patients with Hyperchylomicronemia have no increased risk to which of the following?

Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa Familial Dyslipidemia)

Autosomal Dominant

What is the inheritance pattern of Familial hypercholesterolemia?

Defective or Absent LDL Receptors

What is defective or absent in Familial hypercholesterolemia patients?

Defective Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100)

What lipoprotein can be defective in Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Increased LDL

What lipoprotein is increased in Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Type IIb also has Increased VLDL

What is increased in TypeIIb Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Accelerated Atherosclerosis

What type of disease  is common in Familial Hypercholesterolemia patients?

Achilles Tendon Xanthomas

What is a diagnostic finding in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Xanthelasma

What is a common finding in patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Corneal Arcus

What is a common finding in the eye of patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Decreased HDL

What lipoprotein is decreased in Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III Familial Dyslipidemia)

What is the inheritance pattern of Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Defective Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)

Which apolipoprotein is affected in Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Which one of these is increased in Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Increased VLDL

Premature atherosclerosis

Which one of these is a symptom in patients with Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Tuberoeruptive xanthomas

What skin finding can be found in patients with Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Palmar xanthomas

What is another skin finding that can be found in patients with Dysbetalipoproteinemia?

Hypertriglyceridemia (Type IV Familial Dyslipidemia)

What is the inheritance pattern of Hypertriglyceridemia?

pathogenesis

Hepatic Overproduction of VLDL

In Hypertriglyceridemia, there is an hepatic overproduction of what?

Which one of these is increased in Hypertriglyceridemia?

Increased Triglycerides (> 1000 mg/dL)

Acute Pancreatitis

What is a common symptoms in patients with Hypertriglyceridemia?

Related to Insulin Resistance

Increased Risk for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

There is an increased risk of what in Hypertriglyceridemia?

Increased Risk of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Eruptive Xanthomas

What is a dermatological finding in Hypertriglyceridemia patients?

Page 94 -

Learn Page 94 - in Metabolism - 1 - Biochemistry - First Aid USMLE 2019 - Picmonic for Medicine faster and easier with Picmonic's unforgettable images and stories! Picmonic is research proven to increase your memory retention and test scores. Start learning today for free!

Ace Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2019 Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medical (MD/DO) Students

First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2019 Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Ace Your Medical (MD/DO) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:

Over 930,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.

Choose the #1 Medical (MD/DO) student study app.

Picmonic for Medicine (MD/DO) covers information that is relevant to your entire Medical (MD/DO) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2 CK, COMLEX Level 1, or COMLEX Level 2, we’re here to help.

Works better than traditional Medical (MD/DO) flashcards.

Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.

It's worth every penny

Company Information

Get Picmonic and start your journey