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Internal Medicine | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Von Willebrand Disease
- Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF
- Defect in platelet plug formation
- Labs
- Increased Bleeding Time
- PTT increased
- Factor VIII decreased
- Normal platelet count
- Treatment
- DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin)
1 min
Protein C or S Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Inability to Inactivate Factor Va and VIIIa
- Symptoms
- Hypercoagulable State
- Recurrent DVTs or DVTs at Young Age
- Treatment
- Begin Heparin
- Slowly Bridge to Warfarin
- Hemorrhagic Skin Necrosis
2 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
- Pathophysiology
- JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Symptoms
- Erythromelalgia
- Pruritus
- Often After Hot Shower
- Headache
- Treatment
- Phlebotomy
- Aspirin
1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
- Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
- Hypervolemia
- Histaminemia
- Hyperviscosity
- Hyperuricemia
- Diagnosis
- Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
- Positive Jak2 Mutation
1 min
Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia
- Pathophysiology
- Most Common Genetic Clotting Disorder in Caucasians
- Genetic Point Mutation
- Glutamine Replaces Arginine
- Mutant Factor V
- Resistant to Degradation by Activated Protein C
- Symptoms
- Hypercoagulability
- Recurrent DVT (Increased Risk of Thromboembolism)
- Considerations
- Avoid Oral Contraceptives
- Caution During Pregnancy
2 mins
Hemophilia
- Cause/Mechanism
- Genetic Mutation
- Assessment
- Prolonged Bleeding
- Pain
- Hemarthrosis
- Interventions
- Clotting Factor Replacement Therapy
- DDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate)
- Antifibrinolytic Therapy
- Analgesics
- Considerations
- Genetic Counseling
- Prevent Injury
3 mins
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- Characteristics/Manifestations
- Caused by Antibodies Against Phospholipid-Associated Proteins
- Recurrent Thromboembolisms
- Recurrent Miscarriage
- Most Commonly Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Diagnosis
- Anticardiolipin Antibody
- Anti-Beta-2-Glycoprotein-1 Antibody
- Lupus Anticoagulant
- Treatment
- Warfarin in Patients with Recurrent Thrombosis
3 mins
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
- Features
- Most Common Cause of Thrombocytopenia
- IgG Against Platelet GPIIb/IIIa
- Acute: Children After Viral Infection or Immunization
- Chronic: Women of Childbearing Age
- Clinical Presentation
- Bleeding
- Petechiae
- Isolated Thrombocytopenia
- Diagnosis
- Increased Megakaryocytes on Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Diagnosis of Exclusion
- Management
- Corticosteroids
- IVIG
- Splenectomy in Refractory Cases
6 mins
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