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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Substance Use Disorders

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Substance Use Disorders
23 Picmonics to Learn | 45 mins
Substance Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Substance Abuse Assessment)
Changes in Mood
Poor Hygiene
Odd Sleep Patterns
Frequent Injuries
Relationship or Job Difficulty
Poor Performance
Anorexia OR Weight Loss
Social Isolation
Financial Problems
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2 mins
LSD Intoxication Assessment
Psychosis
Perceptual Distortion
Visual Hallucinations
Paranoia
Depersonalization
Anxiety
Tachycardia
Flashbacks
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2 mins
Marijuana Intoxication Assessment
Euphoria
Slowed Reaction Time
Conjunctival Injection
Increased Appetite
Anxiety
Social Withdrawal
Paranoid Delusions
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2 mins
Phencyclidine (PCP) Intoxication Assessment
Violent Behavior
Motor Issues
Nystagmus
Increased Pain Tolerance
Tachycardia
Delirium
Seizures
Psychosis
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2 mins
Cocaine Intoxication Assessment
Euphoria
Delusions
Mydriasis
Hallucinations
Agitation
Hypertension
Arrhythmias
Hyperthermia
Seizures
Nasal Septum Perforation
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2 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Assessment (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Assessment)
Intoxication
CNS Depression
Withdrawal
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Medical Complications
GI Distress
Cardiomyopathy
Pancreatitis
Cirrhosis
Immunosuppression
Sexual Dysfunction
Considerations
Screening (Assessments)
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3 mins
Alcohol Use Disorder Interventions (Formerly Alcohol Abuse Interventions)
Withdrawal
Reduce Environmental Stimuli
Antianxiety Medications
Vitamin Supplements
Seizure Precautions
Suicide Precautions
Fever
Considerations
Identify Support Systems
Group Therapy
Disulfiram
Naltrexone
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2 mins
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Thiamine deficiency
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Korsakoff
Confabulation
Personality Changes
Memory loss
Alcoholics
Damage to medial dorsal nucleus
Damage to mammillary bodies
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2 mins
Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Anesthesia Induction
Mechanism of Action
Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
Decrease Neuron Firing
Side Effects
Sedation
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
CNS Depression
P450 inducer
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2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
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1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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2 mins
Benzodiazepine Intoxication Assessment
Drowsiness
Confusion
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Coma
Treatment
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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2 mins
Short-acting Benzodiazepines
Mnemonic
ATOM
Drug Names
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam
Indications
Anesthesia Induction
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Half-life < 12 Hours
Dependence
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2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
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40 secs
Opioids Overview
Indications
Pain
Weaning
Cough
Diarrhea
Mechanism of Action
Agonists at Mu (μ), Kappa (Κ), and Delta (δ) Receptors
Decrease Synaptic Transmission
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Addiction
Miosis
Constipation
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2 mins
Opioid Use Disorder and Withdrawal Assessment (Formerly Opioid Abuse and Withdrawal Assessment)
Abuse Assessment
Euphoria
Miosis
CNS Depression
Abuse Withdrawal
Yawning
Gooseflesh
Sweating
Rhinorrhea
Kicking Movements
Consideration
Naloxone
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1 min
Opioid Antidote
Antidote
Naloxone
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29 secs
Naloxone (Narcan)
Mechanism
Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Opioid Induced CNS Depression
Side Effects
Severe Nausea and Vomiting
Excitable State
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Considerations
Repeated Dosing Often Required
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1 min
MDMA (Ecstasy) Toxicity: Management
Airway Management
Management of Hypertension
Benzodiazapines
Nitroprusside
Activated Charcoal if Within One Hour of Ingestion
Ice Bath if Hyperthermic
Cyproheptadine if Serotonin Syndrome
Fluid Restriction for Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline if Hyponatremia + Altered Mental Status
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4 mins
MDMA (Ecstasy) Toxicity: Mechanism and Clinical Findings
Mechanism
Sympathomimetic
Increases Release and Blocks Reuptake of Catecholamines
Clinical Presentation
Euphoria
Increased Alertness
Extreme Hyponatremia Leading to Altered Mental Status
Acute Liver Injury
Serotonin Syndrome
Rhabdomyolysis
Hypertensive Urgency/Emergency
Arrhythmia
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5 mins
Delirium Tremens
TIMING
2-4 Days After Last Drink
Cause
Alcohol Withdrawal
Clinical Manifestations
Altered Mental Status (Change In LOC)
Anxiety
Hallucinations
Autonomic Instability
Seizures
Insomnia
Nausea/Vomiting
Treatment
Benzodiazepines
Supportive Care
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3 mins
Substance Use Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria
2 or More Symptoms For 1 year
Tolerance
Withdrawal Symptoms
Cravings
Using More Than Intended
Inability to Cut Down
Time-Consuming Substance Acquisition
Impaired Functioning at Work
Reduced Recreational Activities
Dangerous Activities
Continued Use
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2 mins
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Pathogenesis
Maternal Substance Abuse
Withdrawal Symptoms in Neonate
Clinical Manifestations
Diarrhea
Irritability
Sneezing
Tremor
Increased Moro Reflex
Tachypnea
Management
Maternal Screening
Nonpharmacologic Therapy
Opioids
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2 mins

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