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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Spinal Cord Disorders

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Spinal Cord Disorders
9 Picmonics to Learn | 22 mins
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Injury Above T6
Assessment
Paroxysmal Hypertension
Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Flushing Above Lesion
Piloerection
Nasal Congestion
Headache
Interventions
Elevate Head of Bed
Remove Noxious Stimuli
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2 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
Mechanism
Cobalamin
Large reserve pool in the liver
Homocysteine to methionine
Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Neurologic defects
Posterior column
Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinocerebellar tract
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5 mins
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Acute Loss of Lumbar Plexus Function
Surgical Emergency
Saddle Anesthesia
Causes
Inflammatory Disorders
Spinal Stenosis
Trauma
Lesions
Symptoms
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Sciatica
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Clinical
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1 min
Syphilis
Characteristics
Treponema pallidum
Spirochete with characteristic motility
Signs and Symptoms
Painless chancre
Condylomata lata
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Rash on palms and soles
Aortitis
Gummas
Neurosyphilis
Argyll Robertson pupils
Vasa vasorum
Tabes dorsalis
Treatment
Penicillin
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
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2 mins
Spina Bifida Assessment
Cause
Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
Assessment
Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
Lumbar Sac
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis
Considerations
Identify Type
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2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
Surgery
Prone Position
Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
Measure Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Considerations
Other Congenital Malformations Common
Bowel Control
Neurogenic Bladder
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2 mins
Syringomyelia
Characteristics
Cystic Cavity in Central Canal
Chiari Malformations
Trauma
Clinical Features
Cape-like Symptoms
Loss of Pain Sensation
Loss of Temperature
Muscle Weakness
Horner Syndrome
Diagnosis
MRI
Management
Supportive Care
Surgery
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2 mins
Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Pathophysiology
Lower Motor Neuron Disease
SMN1 Mutation
Degeneration of Anterior Horn Cells
Autosomal Recessive
Clinical Features
Symmetric Flaccid Paralysis
Hypotonia
Bulbar Palsy
Extraocular Muscle Sparing
Respiratory Failure
Diagnosis
Genetic Testing
Treatment
Supportive Therapy
Nusinersen
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3 mins
Tethered Cord Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Thickened Filum Terminale
Meningeal Adhesions
Spinal Canal Obstruction
Clinical Features
Back Pain
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Ataxia
Diagnosis
MRI
Treatment
Surgery
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3 mins

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