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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Skin Cancer

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Skin Cancer
13 Picmonics to Learn | 23 mins
Actinic Keratosis
Sun Exposure
Papules or Plaques
Small, Rough
Erythematous
Precursor to Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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53 secs
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Epidemiology
2nd Most Common Skin Cancer
UV Light Exposure
Long-term Immunosuppression
Arsenic Exposure
Signs/Symptoms
Ulcerative Red Lesion
Precursor Actinic Keratosis
Commonly Lower Lip
Diagnosis
Biopsy shows Keratin Pearls
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
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2 mins
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Pathophysiology
Most Common Skin Cancer
2/3 of Cases Due to UV Light Exposure
Pink, Pearl-like Lesions
Rolled Borders
Telangiectasias
Commonly Upper Lip
Diagnosis
Shave Biopsy
Pallisading Nuclei
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
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2 mins
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
Mechanism
Associated with Sunlight Exposure
Mutation in B-RAF kinase
Large Number of Moles
Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
Growth Phases
Radial Growth Phase
No Metastasis
Vertical Growth Phase
Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
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1 min
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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1 min
Melanoma Diagnosis
Signs
ABCDE Mnemonic
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter > 6mm
Evolution over time
Diagnosis
S-100 Tumor Marker
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Screens for Metastasis
Treatment
Wide Local Excision
Adjuvant Therapy
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1 min
Types of Malignant Melanoma
Superficial Spreading
Most Common Cause of Melanoma
Nodular
Aggressive and Rapidly Arising
Acral-Lentiginous
Males
Asians and African Americans
Lentigo Maligna
Geographic Shape
Sun Exposed Areas
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2 mins
Keratoacanthoma
Low-Grade Skin Tumor
Dome-shaped Nodule with Central Crater
More Common in Elderly
Sun-exposed Skin
Characteristics
Resembles Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Grows Rapidly over 4-6 Weeks
Workup & Management
Wide Excisional Biopsy
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
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2 mins
Melanocytic Nevus
Characteristics
Benign Tumor of Melanocytes
Nested Proliferations at Dermal-Epidermal Junction
Junctional
Intradermal
Risk Factors
Genetics
Childhood Sun Exposure
Considerations
Melanoma
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2 mins
Acne Vulgaris Presentation and Pathophysiology
Presentation
Papules/Comedones in Mild Cases
Blackheads Open, Whiteheads Closed
Pustules in Mild-Moderate Cases
Nodules/Cysts in Severe Cases
Pathophysiology
Inflammation at Hair Follicle/Sebaceous Gland
Increased Androgens
Colonization by Cutibacterium Acnes
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3 mins
Tinea (Dermatophytes): General Characteristics And Management
Fungal Cutaneous Infection
Organisms
Trichophyton
Microsporum
Epidermophyton
Clinical Features
Pruritic Rash
Segmented Hyphae On KOH
Management
Topical Azole
Terbinafine For Tinea Unguium (Nails)
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2 mins
Kaposi Sarcoma
Characteristics
Malignant Vascular Tumor
Human Herpesvirus Type 8 (HHV-8)
AIDS/Immunocompromised
CD4+ < 500
Presentation
Multifocal Purple Lesions
Skin
Mucous Membranes
Visceral Organs
Diagnosis
Spindle-shaped Cells
Management
Observation
Chemotherapy
Treat Underlying Disorder
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3 mins
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Pathophysiology
Defective Nucleotide Excision Repair
Pyrimidine Dimer Accumulation
Autosomal Recessive
Susceptible to UVA and UVB Rays
Presentation
Actinic Keratosis
Neurodegeneration
Photosensitivity
Corneal Ulcers
Hyperpigmented Lentigines
Considerations
Increased Risk of Skin Cancer
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3 mins

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