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Medicine (MD/DO)
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USMLE Step 1
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Pathology
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Infectious Pulmonary Disorders

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Pathology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid

Infectious Pulmonary Disorders
24 Picmonics to Learn | 42 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment
Mechanism
Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection
Copious Secretions
Coughing and Sneezing
Wheezing
Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)
Poor Feeding
Tachypnea
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2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions
Prophylaxis
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Management
Hospitalization
Contact Precautions
Oxygen
Separate Room
Maintain Fluid Intake
Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator
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2 mins
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Mechanism
Parainfluenza Virus
Assessment
3 Months to 3 Years
Nighttime
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Interventions
Cool Humidified Air
Dexamethasone
Racemic Epinephrine
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2 mins
Parainfluenza Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Croup
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Steeple Sign
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2 mins
Paramyxovirus
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Helical
SS Negative Linear
Nonsegmented
Surface Fusion Protein Causes Multinucleated Cells
Presentation
Measles
Mumps
Bronchiolitis in Babies
Viruses
Parainfluenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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2 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Disease
CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS/PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
Hemoptysis
EXTRA-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Extrapulmonary Disease
Addison's Disease
CNS
Liver
Kidneys
GI
Bones
Pott's Disease
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3 mins
Ghon Complex
Calcified Focus of Infection
Hilar Lymph Nodes
Primary Tuberculosis
Typically in Children
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1 min
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Characteristics
Characteristics
Mycolic Acid Cell Wall
Acid-fast
Carbolfuchsin Stain Red
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
Serpentine Cord Factor
Primary TB
Primary TB
Caseating Granuloma
Ghon Focus
Hilar Lymph Nodes
Ghon Complex
Reactivation TB
Reactivation TB
Reactivation in Apex
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3 mins
Tuberculosis Intervention
Hospital Care
Airborne Isolation
Drug Therapy
Combination Drug Therapy (RIPE)
6-12 Months
Considerations
DOT
BCG Vaccination
Medication Education
3 Negative Sputum Specimens
Infection Control
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2 mins
Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
Delayed Hypersensitivity (Cell Mediated Response)
Intradermal Injection
Read 48-72 hours
Positive Results
≥ 5 mm Induration
Immunosuppressed
≥ 10 mm Induration
High Risk Patients
≥ 15 mm Induration
Considerations
Chest X-Ray
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3 mins
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Characteristics
No Cell Wall and No Gram Stain
Cholesterol Membrane
Eaton's Agar
Mulberry Colonies
Disease
Atypical pneumonia
Military Recruits
Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Erythema Multiforme
Treatment
Tetracycline
Erythromycin
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2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sepsis in Patients with Splenectomy
Rusty Sputum
MOPS
Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis
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2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Diplococci
Lancet-Shaped
Catalase-Negative
Optochin-Sensitive
Bile Soluble
Alpha-Hemolytic
Polysaccharide Capsule
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
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1 min
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Neonates (< 4 Weeks Old)
Group B Streptococci
E. coli
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44 secs
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Children (4 Weeks - 18 Years)
Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum
RSV (Viruses)
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia trachomatis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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1 min
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Adults (18 - 40 Years Old)
Mycoplasma
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
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41 secs
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Middle-Aged Adults (40 - 65 Years Old)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Mycoplasma
Haemophilus influenzae
Anaerobes
Viruses
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1 min
Common Causes of Pneumonia: Elderly (65+ Years Old)
Influenza Virus
Haemophilus influenzae
Anaerobes
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram-Negative Rods
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59 secs
Rhinosinusitis Assessment
Pathology
Sinus Obstruction
Assessment
Nasal Drainage
Facial Pain
Lower Forehead
Cheeks
Nose
Retro-orbital
Fever
Persistent Symptoms
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2 mins
Atypical Pneumonia
CHARACTERISTICS
Diffuse Patchy Inflammation
Interstitial Pattern
"Walking Pneumonia"
Etiologies
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila
Adenovirus
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Influenza
Presentation
Dry Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
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2 mins
Epiglottitis Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Haemophilus Influenzae
Assessment
Drooling
Fever
Stridor
Restlessness
Dyspnea
Cough
Tripod Position
Considerations
Emergency Treatment
Do Not Examine Throat
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2 mins
Epiglottitis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Airway
Upright/Sitting Position
Humidified Oxygen
Intubation/Tracheostomy Supplies At Bedside
IV Antibiotics
Decrease Anxiety
Considerations
NPO
Vaccine
Restrain to Prevent Extubation
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2 mins
Pneumonia Intervention
Interventions
Humidified Oxygen
Deep Breathing Exercises
Position of Comfort
Increase Fluid Intake
Manage Fever
Medications
Antibiotics
Mucolytics
Expectorants
Considerations
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Sepsis
Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF)
Prevention Education
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2 mins
Pneumonia Assessment
Risk Factors
Older Adult
Immunocompromised
Long Term Care
Assessment
Shortness of Breath (SOB)
Hypoxemia
Cough and Sputum Production
Wheezing or Crackles
Fever
Pleuritic Pain
Diagnosis
Chest X-ray
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2 mins

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