Ace Your Genitourinary (Renal) System Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medical (MD/DO) Students
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Genitourinary (Renal) System | Medical (MD/DO) School Study Aid
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Other Renal Disorders
15 Picmonics to Learn | 37 mins
Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury Pathophysiology and Presentation
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Renal Perfusion
- Decreased GFR
- Increased Sodium and Water Reabsorption
- Presentation
- Edema
- Dyspnea
- Hypotension with Tachycardia
- Altered Mental Status
- Oliguria
- Etiologies
- NSAIDs
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- ACE Inhibitors
2 mins
Renal Osteodystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Decreased Calcitriol
- Clinical Features
- Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica
- Osteoporosis
- Osteomalacia
- Management
- Treating Underlying Disorder
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 2/2)
- Struvite
- Struvite (Ammonium Magnesium Phosphate)
- Urinary Tract Infections
- "Coffin Lid" Appearance
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
- Calcium Phosphate
- Calcium Phosphate
- Hypercalcemia
- Wedge-shaped Prisms
- Radiopaque
- Increased Urine pH
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Stone Types (Part 1/2)
- Calcium Oxalate
- Calcium Oxalate
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Ethylene Glycol
- Vitamin C
- "Dumbbell", Bipyramidal, or Octahedral-shaped
- Radiopaque
- Uric Acid
- Uric Acid
- Gout
- Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Rhomboidal, Rosette, or Needle-shaped
- Radiolucent
- Decreased Urine pH
2 mins
Nephrolithiasis Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Urinalysis with Culture
- Noncontrast CT
- Ultrasound
- Management
- < 10 mm
- Supportive Care
- 10-20 mm
- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
- Ureteroscopy
- > 20 mm
- Surgery
2 mins
Indications for Urgent Dialysis (AEIOU)
- Signs and Symptoms
- AEIOU Mnemonic
- Acidosis
- pH < 7.1
- Electrolyte Imbalances
- Symptomatic Hyperkalemia
- > 6.5 mEq/L
- Ingestion
- Overload (Volume)
- Uremia
- Encephalitis
- Pericarditis
2 mins
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- Characteristics
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
2 mins
Fanconi Syndrome Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Resorption Defect in Proximal Tubule
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypophosphatemia
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Bicarbonate
1 min
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Hereditary Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Acquired and Medication Causes
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma
2 mins
Syndrome Of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (SAME)
- Pathophysiology
- 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Elevated Cortisol
- Low Renin
- Low Aldosterone
- Causes
- Autosomal-Recessive
- Licorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) Ingestion
- Signs & Symptoms
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Treatment
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
4 mins
Potter Sequence
- PATHOGENESIS
- Oligohydramnios
- clinical findings
- Limb Deformities
- Facial Anomalies
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia (Most Common Cause of Death)
- Etiologies
- Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD)
- Posterior Urethral Valves
- Chronic Placental Insufficiency
- Bilateral Renal Agenesis
3 mins
Liddle Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Collecting Duct
- Gain of Function Mutation in Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
- Excess Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
- Clinical Features
- Decreased Renin
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Hypertension with Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
- Treatment
- Amiloride and Triamterene
3 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Urinalysis
- CT Urography
- Cystoscopy with Biopsy
- Management
- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
2 mins
Bartter Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Defective NKCC Cotransporter
- Decreased Na+ Reabsorption
- Decreased Ca2+ Reabsorption
- Increased Aldosterone
- Clinical Features
- Hypovolemia
- Polyuria and Polydipsia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Mimics Loop Diuretics
- Nephrolithiasis
- Treatment
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
4 mins
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Characteristics
- Autosomal Dominant
- Mutations in PKD1/2
- Cystic Enlargement of Renal Tubules
- Clinical Features
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Hypertension
- Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Hepatic Cysts
- Berry (Saccular) Aneurysms
3 mins
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