Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
- Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
- Restlessness
- Dyspnea
- Refractory Hypoxemia
- Decreased PaO2
- Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates
- Atelectasis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
- Closely Monitor Patient
- ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases)
- Oxygen
- Assess for O2 Toxicity
- Mechanical Ventilation
- PEEP
- Assess for Pneumothorax
- Permissive Hypercapnia
- High Mortality Rate
Asthma
- Obstructive lung disease
- Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
- History of Atopic Disease
- Beta2 agonists
- Corticosteroids
- Curschmann's spirals
- Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
- Reversible
- Charcot Leyden crystals
- Methacholine challenge
- Wheezing
- Cough
- Initially decreased PaCO2
- Pulsus paradoxus
Persistent Mild Asthma
- Symptoms (Brochoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use > 2 Days / Week
- Nighttime Awakening 3-4 / Month
- Greater or equal to 80 % of Predicted FEV1
Persistent Moderate Asthma
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use Daily
- Nighttime Awakening > 1 / Week
- 60-80% Predicted FEV1
- FEV1/FVC Decreased 5%
Persistent Severe Asthma
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use: Multiple/ Day
- With Minimal Activity
- Nighttime Awakening: Nightly
- < 60% Predicted FEV1
- > 5% Decrease FEV1/FVC
Intermittent Asthma
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use ≤ 2 / Week
- No Interference With ADLs
- Nighttime Awakening < 2 / Month
- > 80 % of Predicted FEV1
Stages of Asthma Treatments
- Short-acting Inhaled Beta-Agonist
- Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Montelukast (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)
- Low to Medium-dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Zileuton
- High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Systemic Corticosteroids
- Omalizumab (Allergies)