Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Epiglottitis Assessment
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Drooling
- Fever
- Stridor
- Restlessness
- Dyspnea
- Cough
- Tripod Position
- Emergency Treatment
- Do Not Examine Throat
Respiratory Anatomy
- Nasal Cavity
- Hair Filters
- Mucus Filters and Moistens
- Capillaries Warm
- Pharynx (Throat)
- Larynx (Voice Box)
- Cilia Expel Mucus and Dust
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Alveoli
Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Pulmonary Artery Blood is O2-Poor, CO2-Rich
- Two-Cell Thick Air-Blood Barrier
- CO2 Diffuses Into Air
- O2 Diffuses Into Blood
- Gases Equilibrate
- Pulmonary Vein is O2-Rich, CO2-Poor
- Thermoregulation
pH - Blood and Urine Lab Value
- Blood
- 7.35 - 7.45
- Urine
- 4.0 - 8.0
Hypoxia (Early Symptoms)
- Diaphoresis
- Restlessness
- Tachypnea
- Dyspnea on Exertion
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Arrhythmias
- Decreased Urine Output
- Unexplained Fatigue
Hypoxia (Late Symptoms)
- Cyanosis
- Cool, Clammy Skin
- Use of Accessory Muscles
- Retractions
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- "-pril" Suffix
- Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Dry Non-productive Cough
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Possible Hyperkalemia
- Angioedema
- Slowly Change Position
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Lung Sounds - Crackles
- Lower Lobes
- Fine/Coarse
- Fine: Twisting Hair through Fingers
- Coarse: Velcro
- Collapsed Small Airways and Alveoli "Popping Open"
Lung Sounds - Rhonchi
- Trachea and Bronchi
- Low Pitched Rumbling
- Gurgling
- Narrowed Airway
- Secretions or Bronchospasm
Lung Sounds - Wheezes
- Throughout Lung
- High Pitched
- Musical
- Air Moving through Narrowed Airways
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
- Parainfluenza Virus
- 3 Months to 3 Years
- Nighttime
- Barking Seal Cough
- Inspiratory Stridor
- Cool Humidified Air
- Dexamethasone
- Racemic Epinephrine
Lung Sounds - Pleural Friction Rub
- Anterior Lateral Lung
- Dry, Rubbing, or Squeaking
- Rubbing a Balloon with Finger
- Inflamed Pleura
Pneumonia Assessment
- Older Adult
- Immunocompromised
- Long Term Care
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Hypoxemia
- Cough and Sputum Production
- Wheezing or Crackles
- Fever
- Pleuritic Pain
- Chest X-ray
Asthma Assessment
- Triggers (Cold air, Dander, Dust, Infection, Mold, Pollen, Smoke)
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Tachypnea and Tachycardia
- Wheezing
- Diaphoresis
- Accessory Muscles
- Decreased Pulmonary Function Tests
Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
- Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
- High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
- High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
- High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
- Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
- Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Lab Values
- Men: 13 - 17 g/dL
- Women: 12 - 16 g/dL
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Internal Body Images
- Detects Variations of Soft Tissues
- No Metal Objects
- No Pacemakers
- Contrast is Non-Iodine
- Safe During Pregnancy
- Long Procedure
- Antianxiety Medications