Varicocele
- Dilation of Pampiniform Plexus Veins
- Soft Left-Sided Scrotal Mass
- Bag of Worms
- Increased Size with Standing or Valsalva
- Decreased Size while Supine
- Testicular Atrophy
- Subfertility
- Ultrasound
- Retrograde Venous Flow
- Surgical Gonadal Vein Ligation
- Scrotal Support
Hydrocele
- Impaired Lymphatic Drainage
- Large Scrotum
- Painless
- Needle Aspiration or Surgery
- Scrotal Support
- Monitor for Bleeding and Infection
Erectile Dysfunction
- Age-Related Changes
- Psychological
- Medical Conditions
- Drug-Induced
- Sexual Dysfunction (Unable to Maintain Erection)
- Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
- Vacuum Constriction Devices
- Intraurethral Devices
- Penile Implants
- Sexual Counseling
Liddle Syndrome
- Autosomal Dominant
- Collecting Duct
- Gain of Function Mutation in Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)
- Excess Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
- Decreased Renin
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Hypertension with Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Pseudohyperaldosteronism
- Amiloride and Triamterene
Gitelman Syndrome
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defective Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter in Distal Tubule
- Mechanism Mimics Thiazide Diuretics
- Cramping and Tetany
- Severe Fatigue
- Polyuria
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- High Urine Chloride
- Electrolyte Supplements
- Spironolactone
Syndrome Of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess (SAME)
- 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
- Elevated Cortisol
- Low Renin
- Low Aldosterone
- Autosomal-Recessive
- Licorice (glycyrrhetinic acid) Ingestion
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Testicular Torsion
- Sudden Twisting of Spermatic Cord
- Affects Neonates and Adolescents
- Bell Clapper Deformity
- Severe Acute Testicular Pain
- Abnormal Testicular Position
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Doppler Ultrasound of the Scrotum
- Emergent Surgical Intervention
- Manual Detorsion
- Testicular Infarction
- Infertility in Males
Bartter Syndrome
- Autosomal Recessive
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Defective NKCC Cotransporter
- Decreased Na+ Reabsorption
- Decreased Ca2+ Reabsorption
- Increased Aldosterone
- Hypovolemia
- Polyuria and Polydipsia
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Mimics Loop Diuretics
- Nephrolithiasis
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ
- Bowenoid Papulosis
- HPV 16
- Multiple Reddish-brown Papules
- Monitor for Progression
- Bowen Disease
- HPV 16, 18
- Arsenic and Sun Exposure
- Leukoplakia
- Fluorouracil (5-FU)
- Erythroplasia of Queyrat
- HPV 16, 18
- Uncircumcised
- Red Papules or Plaques
Renal Nutcracker Syndrome
- Compression of Left Renal Vein
- Between Superior Mesenteric Artery and Aorta
- Hematuria
- Abdominal Pain
- Left-sided Varicocele
- Doppler Ultrasound
- Weight Gain
- ACE Inhibitors
- Stent Placement
Chronic Prostatitis
- Onset > 3 Months
- Bacteria
- Non-bacteria
- Secondary Previous Infection
- Nerve Problems
- Chemical Irritation
- Urinary Frequency and Urgency
- Dysuria
- Low Back Pain
- Warm, Tender, Enlarged Prostate
- Treat Underlying Cause