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Hyponatremia can be remembered by the restaurant for hippo-salt-shakers where the food is bad because it never has enough salt. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium less than 135 milliequivalent per liter, shown by the less-than 135 salt-shaker. Common assessment findings include nausea and vomiting, shown by the hippo vomiting up his food because it wasn&rsquo;t salted enough. Patients may present with decreased LOC, the down-arrow lock-halo, such as confusion or lethargy, depicted as Confucius with his leather-jacket dripping with puke as Caesar, who represents seizures, is trying to help him out. Patients with decreased muscle strength or conscious may be at risk for aspiration and should have their airway assessed, shown by the assess-man opening the airway. Because sodium may be excreted through the urine by certain diuretics, reducing diuretic dosage, shown by the reducing die-rocket amount, may be ordered. Fluid excess hyponatremia can be treated with Mannitol, shown by the manatee, and fluid restriction, the fluids with restrictive-belts, while fluid deficit hyponatremia can be treated with hypertonic solution, the hiker-tonic. So in summary, hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium less than 135 and can result in nausea, vomiting, decreased LOC, confusion, lethargy, or seizures. Priority interventions include assessing the airway and reducing diuretic dosage. Fluid excess hyponatremia is treated with mannitol and fluid restriction, while fluid deficit hyponatremia is treated with hypertonic solution.&nbsp;

educational

story

hippo salt shaker.png

title hyponatremia.png

Hippo-salt-shaker

Hyponatremia

Sodium

Intern Content - Sodium

Assessment

less than 135 salt shaker.png

Less-than 135 Salt-shaker

< 135 mEq Na+

Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the presence of hyponatremia in a patient?

Hypnatremia

vomiting.png

Vomiting

Nausea and Vomiting

Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen in a patient with hyponatremia?

down arrow lock halo.png

Down-arrow Lock-halo

Decreased LOC

confucius with leather jacket.png

Confucius with Leather-jacket

Confusion / Lethargy

caesar.png

Caesar

Seizures

Priority Interventions

assess man opening airway.png

Assess-man opening Airway

Assess Airway

Which of the following is a priority intervention for hyponatremia?

reducing die rocket amount.png

Reducing Die-rocket amount

Reduce Diuretic Dosage

Fluid Excess Hyponatremia

Which disease or disorder is associated with hyponatremia?

manatee.png

Manatee

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Which of the following is most likely an intervention for fluid excess (hypervolemic) hyponatremia?

fluids with restrictive belts.png

Fluids with Restrictive-belts

Fluid Restriction

Fluid Deficit Hyponatremia

hiker tonic.png

Hiker-tonic

Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)

Which of the following is most likely an intervention for fluid deficit (hypovolemic) hyponatremia?

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This is a restaurant for hippo-salt-shakers, but they always puke up the food because it doesn't have enough salt. &nbsp;Today's special is actually Confucius, and he's totally confused about how his leather-jacket got covered in puke. &nbsp;Needless to say, the act of being and eaten and vomited back up has caused his level of consciousness to decrease a bit. &nbsp;Caesar is the waiter, and he's frantically trying to season Confucius with more salt, so the hippo doesn't eat him instead. &nbsp;Unfortunately, there's hardly any salt left, as it's less than 135. &nbsp;Over on the wet side of the restaurant, for fluid excess hyponatremia, a hippo-salt-shaker is having it's airway assessed before eating. &nbsp;The die-rocket appetizer arrives, and it's sliced to reduce the portion size. &nbsp;The waiter over on the wet side is a manatee of course, because he knows a bit when it comes to water. &nbsp;And he can tell this hippo has had enough, so he cuts him off from having anymore water, using restrictive-belts. &nbsp;Back over on the dry side, for fluid deficit hyponatremia, a hiker shows up with some fancy tonic and washes the vomit off into the water.

Small volume hypertonic IV fluid infusion.

Small volume hypotonic IV fluid infusion.

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